- Research article
- Open access
- Published:
Impact of ERAS compliance on the short-term outcomes for distal radius surgery: a single-center retrospective study
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research volume 18, Article number: 702 (2023)
Abstract
Background
Distal radius fractures (DRF) account for one in five bony injuries in both primary and secondary trauma care. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has been adopted successfully to improve clinical outcomes in multiple surgical disciplines; however, no study has investigated the effect of different degrees of compliance with ERAS protocol on short-term outcomes following distal radius surgery. We aimed to analyze whether different degrees of compliance with the ERAS pathway are associated with clinical improvement following surgery for DRF.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed all consecutive patients with ERAS who underwent surgery for DRF at our department between May 2019 and October 2022. Their pre-, peri-, and post-operative compliance with the 22 elements of the ERAS program were assessed. We compared parameters between low- (< 68.1%) and high-compliance (> 68.1%) groups, including patient complications, total length of hospitalization, discharge time after surgery, hospital costs, time taken to return to preinjury level performance level, number of visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores > 3 points during hospitalization, disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) scores. We performed multiple linear regression analyses to assess the impact of ERAS compliance on the postoperative function level (DASH scores).
Results
No significant differences were detected between the high- and low-compliance groups with respect to demographics, including sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities (P > 0.05). We observed significant differences between the high- and low-compliance groups in terms of the DASH score (32.25 ± 9.97 vs. 40.50 ± 15.65, p < 0.05) at 6 months postoperatively, the discharge time after surgery (2.45 ± 1.46 vs. 3.14 ± 1.50, p < 0.05), and number of times when the VAS pain score was > 3 points during hospitalization (0.88, [0.44, 1.31], p < 0.05). Our study demonstrated a significant negative association between ERAS compliance and the function level of patients postoperatively (DASH scores) when adjusted for age, comorbidity, sex, and BMI.
Conclusions
This study provided a realistic evaluation and comparison of the ERAS protocol among patients with DRF and can guide clinical decision making. The ERAS protocol may improve outcomes after surgery, with high postoperative function levels and reduced pain and discharge time after surgery, without increased complication rates or hospital costs.
Background
Distal radius fractures (DRF) are one of the most common fractures treated by orthopedic surgeons worldwide. The annual incidence of DRF was 643,000 in the US in 1998 [1, 2]. DRF is the most common adult orthopedic fracture in the UK, incurring an average expenditure of £1375.34 per-patient for surgical fixation with a volar locking plate [3]. In China, DRFs account for approximately 20% of emergency fractures and 75% of forearm fractures. The social health burden of DRF is greater in China than in other countries [4]. More than 50% of patients with DRF are employed; therefore, the impairment resulting from range of movement restriction, the duration of the sick leave, and the effects of DRF on quality of life have broad socio-economic consequences [5].
An enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program is a multimodal, evidence-based approach that combines various measures from initial patient referral through discharge. ERAS protocols were introduced more than 20 years ago by Henrik Kehlet, involving a multidisciplinary team comprising orthopedic surgeons, nursing staff, anesthesiologists, internists, physiotherapists, and nutritionists [6]. The ERAS pathway has been developed to reduce the negative effects of surgical stress. Additional key issues in ERAS programs in orthopedic surgery include effective pain treatment and management, which undoubtedly influence early hospital discharge and fast recovery at home [7]. However, some studies evaluating the discharge procedure and patients’ experiences after discharge demonstrated that early discharge, particularly in older adults, may be stressful in terms of managing daily life and rehabilitation [8]. This type of ERAS pathway has clear advantages and represents the standard of care across several institutions; nonetheless, the clinical effectiveness of ERAS procedures has not been established for all areas of orthopedic practice so significant work and research are required [9]. Moreover, ERAS pathways are continuously improving. Thus, continuous evidence-based revisions of ERAS use in different areas of orthopedic practice are mandatory to update orthopedic surgeons and staff on the use of these pathways and their potential advantages over traditional protocols in terms of safety and efficacy. Previous studies have reported higher levels of satisfaction among patients undergoing orthopedic surgery with the application of the ERAS protocol, compared with the traditional healthcare pathway [10]. However, ERAS is applied late in orthopedic trauma, and the ERAS pathways have been insufficiently developed for patients with fractures, except for older adults with hip fractures [11]. The effects of ERAS on short-term postoperative outcomes have not yet been investigated among other patients with fractures. Our previous research showed better functional recovery among patients with DRF when the ERAS protocol was applied than when it was not [12].
The indications for DRF surgical interventions are well defined; however, the standard perioperative protocol based on the ERAS program remains unpopular worldwide. Based on the updated ERAS guidelines for other fractures, the peri-operative ERAS pathways for DRF have been optimized in China, focusing on short perioperative fasting duration, minimally invasive surgical approaches, minimizing the use of drains and tubes, multimodal pain control, and early mobilization [3].
Moreover, research on patient compliance with ERAS is limited. Thus, we aimed to compare the demographic characteristics and outcome measures between low and high ERAS compliance groups undergoing open reduction and internal fixation for DRF. We also explored the associations between ERAS compliance and postoperative function (disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand, DASH scores), length of hospitalization (LOS), hospital costs, complications, and time to achieve pre-injury level of functional activity.
Methods
Study design and participants
This retrospective, single center clinical controlled study was approved by the ethics committee of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, China (JST202101-14). The entire ERAS protocol was implemented by a multidisciplinary ERAS team. Patients with DRF were enrolled in the study between May 2019 and October 2022.
Written informed consent was obtained from the patients before surgery. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) age ≥ 14 years and fractures < 3 weeks old; (2) a primary diagnosis of DRF, according to the following surgical indications for operative fixation of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons clinical practice guidelines: post-reduction radial shortening of 3 mm, dorsal tilt of 10°, or intra-articular displacement or step-off of 2 mm [13]; (3) no serious systemic disease with a preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists classification I-II; and (4) voluntary and informed consent to undergo surgery. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) DRF combined with other fractures (combined with ulnar styloid fracture or distal ulnar fracture requiring ulnar fixation); (2) old DRFs (> 3 weeks); (3) open fractures (excluding Gustilo type I); (4) severe peripheral neuropathy; (4) a diagnosis of gastric emptying disorders; (5) alcohol dependence or a history of drug abuse; (6) breastfeeding or pregnancy; (7) a history of allergy to multiple drugs; and (8) patients lost to follow-up.
Data were collected by a trained surgeon and verified before entry into an internet-based electronic case record form designed specifically for this study.
ERAS pathway
The ERAS pathway was a standard perioperative protocol focusing primarily on pain management, perioperative fasting, and avoiding drains and urinary tubes [3]. For pain management, we prescribed oral multimodal analgesics preoperatively and opioid-free nerve block-based anesthesia postoperatively. We followed a standard anesthesia protocol for a painless procedure. For perioperative fasting, we minimized the fasting time to the greatest extent possible, with low risks of pulmonary aspiration to reduce perioperative stress [14]. For tube management, the urinary catheterization rate was reduced and meticulous hemostasis was achieved intraoperatively to avoid wound drains [15].
Multimodal analgesia in the ERAS protocol setting involves combinations of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol, which all target different pain receptors, along with ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia. NSAIDs were routinely administered before surgeries, and peripheral nerve blocks were administered if necessary. During ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia of the infraclavicular brachial plexus, 20 cc of 0.5% ropivacaine was gradually injected to the target point. Clinicians were able to provide additional pain medications to patients during the surgery, as clinically indicated, if the patient’s pain was not controlled by the block alone.
Process of care metrics
According to the consensus on the optimal treatment of DRFs [4], we evaluated 22 ERAS perioperative care items using the following process of care metrics. For perioperative fasting management, we evaluated the perioperative fasting period for solids and liquids. For perioperative time management, we evaluated the elapsed time between admission and surgery, discharge time after operation, and LOS. For perioperative nonsurgical management, we assessed the use of regional anesthesia, close reduction, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting, intraoperative capacity management, patient-controlled analgesia, antiemetics, urinary catheterization, wound drains, and postoperative rehabilitation exercise (Table 1).
The compliance rate was calculated as follows:
ERAS compliance rate (%) = the number of perioperative measures performed as required/total treatment measures × 100% [16].
For example, if a patient completed 17 out of 22 items, compliance rate (%) = (17/22) × 100% = 77.27%.
Outcome metrics
The primary outcome was the DASH score reflecting patient function level at 6 months postoperatively after treatment completion [17]. The secondary outcomes included the elapsed time between admission and surgery, discharge time after operation, hospitalization time, postoperative complications, costs of treatment, and number of times when the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score was > 3 points during hospitalization. The postoperative complications included the loss of reduction, screw breakage assessed by routine evaluation of postoperative radiographs, respiratory infections, and time to achieve pre-injury level of functional activity. DASH scores were recorded at 6 months after surgery. Because the potential influence of other factors may affect postoperative recovery, we selected appropriate covariates, such as age, sex, BMI, and comorbidity, based on previous literature [18, 19].
Statistical analysis
All data analyses were performed using R software (version 4.0.3; https://www.R-project.org) and Stata (version 16 http://www.stata.com). Data were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05. This study included participants with complete data in the database. Those with missing data were excluded from the analysis. Continuous variables are described using means and standard deviations (SD) for the baseline characteristics, whereas categorical variables are described using a chi-square test. The regression coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from the multiple linear regression equations to analyze the association between ERAS compliance and DASH scores. Model 1 regression models did not adjust for the covariates; model 2 adjusted for three covariates, namely, sex, age, and BMI; and model 3 adjusted for all covariates (P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance).
Results
Demographic characteristics
We collected the data of 88 patients with DRFs treated using the ERAS perioperative protocol. Based on a 68.1% median level of ERAS compliance rate, we divided the patients into the high- (compliance rate ≥ 68.1%) and low-compliance (compliance rate < 68.1%) groups. Table 2 summarizes patient demographic characteristics.
ERAS process
Most process metrics of the included patients demonstrated significant differences between the low- (n = 40) and high-compliance (n = 48) groups. All the patients completed their follow-up at 6 months postoperatively, and there were no complications such as the loss of reduction or screw breakage assessed by routine evaluation of postoperative radiographs. For perioperative management, no significant between-group differences were observed in LOS (days) (7.15 ± 2.54 vs. 7.19 ± 2.61, P > 0.05) and the elapsed time between admission and surgery (day) (3.95 ± 1.81 vs. 4.12 ± 1.68, P > 0.05). The discharge time after surgery (days) (2.45 ± 1.46 vs. 3.14 ± 1.50, P < 0.05) was significantly shorter in the high-compliance group than in the low-compliance group. We observed no significant between-group differences in medical costs (¥) (58.654.31 ± 37.160.82 vs. 53.179.78 ± 12.577.65, P > 0.05), time to achieve pre-injury level of functional activity (days) (88.73 ± 43.21 vs. 90.00 ± 37.76, P > 0.05), and complications (n, %) after surgery (SD, 0.45 [0.02, 0.87], P = 0.069). The high-compliance group demonstrated lower DASH scores at 6 months postoperatively (PO6M) (32.25 ± 9.97 vs. 40.50 ± 15.65, P = 0.004) and fewer VAS pain scores of > 3 points (SD, 0.88 [0.44, 1.31], P = 0.003) than the low-compliance group (Table 3).
To examine the association between ERAS compliance and DASH scores at PO6M, we performed a multivariable linear regression analysis. The model was adjusted for sex, age, comorbidity, and BMI. The results presented in the three models demonstrated a negative association between ERAS compliance and DASH scores. After adjusting for all covariates (Model 3), ERAS compliance was negatively associated with the DASH scores (β =  − 0.58; 95% CI: − 1.01, − 0.14; P = 0.0118). Figure 1 and Table 4 depict the smoothed curves of ERAS compliance and DASH scores.
Discussion
ERAS protocols have been adopted by various surgical departments. Most of the studies examining the outcomes of ERAS assessed functional improvement after surgery, such as LOS, hospitalization expense, and complication rates between a non-ERAS group and ERAS group [20]. However, few studies have explored ERAS compliance. This retrospective study, which compared the short-term postoperative outcomes of patients with DRF and different degrees of compliance with ERAS, demonstrated that participants in the high-compliance group recovered better, with improved DASH scores, than patients in the low-compliance group, with less time to discharge following surgery and fewer VAS scores of > 3 points during hospitalization.
Pain management, perioperative fasting, and avoiding tubes are the three primary constituents of the ERAS protocol. We prescribed multimodal analgesia and minimal fasting time and strived to achieve meticulous hemostasis to reduce the use of wound drains and early functional exercise. Previously, patients demonstrated satisfactory adherence to the ERAS protocol and those in the ERAS group exhibited a higher satisfaction level at discharge and at 6Â months postoperatively, compared with those in the traditional healthcare group [8, 17, 18]. This may be a result of the ERAS protocol and may also reduce the incidence of depression and anxiety at a severity of moderate or above and the degree of depression and anxiety [21].
Mandated diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) have been used worldwide to curb resource demands with cost-saving implications; therefore, the application of the ERAS protocol may significantly contribute to the implementation of DRGs [22, 23].
The possible mechanisms and advantages of the protocol are as follows: first, individual conditions of participation are considered, and a patient-center approach will optimize the management [24]. Second, appropriate reduction and fixation under emergent anesthesia will facilitate early mobility and pain relief [25].
Moreover, the selection of anesthesia, such as peripheral nerve blocks, may improve postoperative pain relief [26]. In addition, preoperative education can comfort patients; nutritional intervention can assist with survival during the perioperative period, which could improve patient prognosis and satisfaction [25]. The ERAS protocol emphasizes the need for education and benefits patients who abandon unhealthy habits, such as smoking [27]. Patients with opioid use disorders tend to experience increased odds of complications, extended hospitalization, nonhome discharge, and higher total costs [28]. However, the implementation of the ERAS protocol could improve patient pain care and reduce opioid use, which was confirmed in the present study. Patients in the high-compliance group demonstrated a significantly shorter discharge time after surgery than those in the low-compliance group (P < 0.05). However, we identified no significant difference in the total medical costs, LOS, and the elapse time between admission and surgery, contradicting previous evidence that the ERAS protocol could shorten the LOS [9, 29] and reduce medical costs [30, 31]. This finding was attributed to the admission of patients over the weekend (36 patients, 41% of cases) and to the fact that tension blisters around the wrist joint may delay the time to surgery (25 patients corresponding to 28.4% of cases, presented with swelling and blisters around the wrist. However, the discharge time after surgery in the high-compliance group was significantly shorter than that in the low-compliance group. Thus, further research is necessary to confirm our findings.
Within an optimized and clear ERAS protocol, selected high-risk patients may benefit from accelerated recovery, with lower risk of complications, readmissions, and morbidity, without increasing the rate of complications and medical costs. Consistent with our previous research, the ERAS protocol can accelerate rehabilitation in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture [32].
ERAS programs often require a multidisciplinary team providing a multimodal approach to resolving issues that delay recovery and lead to complications. The protocol may consist of several elements; however, they have a common aim, i.e., minimizing stress and improving stress response [33]. In orthopedic surgery, clinical ERAS studies have primarily focused on arthroplasty [34, 35]. Few studies have focused on ERAS in orthopedic trauma, except for the only well-developed ERAS pathway used for hip fractures in older adults [36]. Considering the high incidence of orthopedic trauma, it is important to establish a scientific, evidence-based ERAS protocol for common fractures. Therefore, we assessed the value of the ERAS principles in common DRF.
This study had several strengths. First, we enrolled numerous patients with a similar fracture type. Second, unlike most studies involving ERAS principles in patients with fractures, we conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study, significantly reducing the risk of information bias. Third, this novel study determined the application of ERAS compliance in common fractures. Moreover, covariates that may affect postoperative recovery were used in multiple regression equation models to assess the association between ERAS compliance and DASH scores. Furthermore, our primary outcome was patient function level at 6Â months postoperatively. It is a subjective, patient-oriented evaluation, reflecting the perioperative experience and short-term functional outcomes of the patients.
Nevertheless, the present study had some limitations. The present data were only generated from a single center and a follow up was only for 6Â months, which did not enable us to draw definitive conclusions. Therefore, future prospective multicentric randomized controlled trials with larger cohorts and long-term follow-ups based on large-scale population are still required to understand the benefits of the ERAS protocol among patients with DRF. Second, we used the DASH scores to better describe the postoperative feelings of patients. The Gartland-Werley score system, which includes certain characteristics and strengths, can also be used to evaluate hand and wrist function in DRFs [37].
Conclusions
In conclusion, the application of ERAS compliance protocol resulted in better short-term functional recovery with improved DASH scores among patients with DRF. In addition, the protocol reduced discharge time after surgery and the number of times with a VAS pain score > 3 points during hospitalization; thus, it may improve outcomes after surgery. A broader implementation of the ERAS protocol may identify further advantages of the protocol.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- DASH:
-
Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand
- DRF:
-
Distal radius fractures
- ERAS:
-
Enhanced recovery after surgery
- LOS:
-
Length of hospitalization
- NSAID:
-
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- PONV:
-
Postoperative nausea and vomiting
- VAS:
-
Visual analogue scale
- PO6M:
-
6 Months postoperatively
References
Mauck BM, Swigler CW. Evidence-based review of distal radius fractures. Orthop Clin N Am. 2018;49:211–22.
Chung KC, Spilson SV. The frequency and epidemiology of hand and forearm fractures in the United States. J Hand Surg Am. 2001;26:908–15.
Stirling E, Johnson N, Dias J. Epidemiology of distal radius fractures in a geographically defined adult population. J Hand Surg Eur. 2018;43:974–82.
Trauma Orthopedics Professional Committee, Bethune Charitable Foundation, Traumatic Orthopedics Group, Society of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery, China International Exchange and Promotion Association for Medical and Health Care. Expert consensus on optimal treatment of distal radius fractures in line with the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery. Chin J Orthop Trauma. 2019;21:93–101.
Bahn K, Hasan K, Pawar A, Patel R. Rehabilitation following surgically treated distal radius fractures: Do immobilization and physiotherapy affect the outcome? Cureus. 2021;13: e16230.
Thacker J. Overview of enhanced recovery after surgery: The evolution and adoption of enhanced recovery after surgery in North America. Surg Clin N Am. 2018;98:1109–17.
Specht K, Kjaersgaard-Andersen P, Pedersen BD. Patient experience in fast-track hip and knee arthroplasty—a qualitative study. J Clin Nurs. 2016;25:836–45.
Reay PA, Horner B, Duggan R. The patient’s experience of early discharge following total hip replacement. Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs. 2015;19:131–9.
Sala manna F, Contartese D, Brogan S, Visani A, Martino’s K, Griffoni C, et al. Key components, current practice and clinical outcomes of ERAS programs in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery: a systematic review. J Clin Med. 2022;11:4222
Husted H, Lunn TH, Troels A, Gaarn-Larsen L, Kristensen BB, Kehlet H. Why still in hospital after fast-track hip and knee arthroplasty? Acta Orthop. 2011;82:679–84.
Kaye AD, Urman RD, Cornett EM, Hart BM, Chami A, Gayle JA, Fox CJ. Enhanced recovery pathways in orthopedic surgery. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2019;35(Suppl 1):S35–9.
Li T, Sun ZJ, Zhou Y, Sun WT, Wang PC, Cai XY, et al. Perioperative protocol of ankle fracture and distal radius fracture based on enhanced recovery after surgery program: a multicenter prospective clinical controlled study. Pain Res Manag. 2022;2022:3458056.
Lichtman DM, Bindra RR, Boyer MI, Putnam MD, Ring D, Slutsky DJ, et al. Treatment of distal radius fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2010;18:180–9.
Sun ZJ, Sun X, Huo Y, Mi M, Peng GL, Zhang CL, et al. Abbreviated perioperative fasting management for elective fresh fracture surgery: Guideline adherence analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23:688.
Choi YS, Kim TW, Chang MJ, Kang SB, Chang CB. Enhanced recovery after surgery for major orthopedic surgery: a narrative review. Knee Surg Relat Res. 2022;34:8.
Zhijian S, Xu S, Mengm M, Honghao X, Han F, Guiling P, et al. Compliance with enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in geriatric patients with fresh fracture. Chin J Orthop Trauma. 2023;25:58–62.
Baltzer H, Novak CB, McCabe SJ. A scoping review of disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand scores for hand and wrist conditions. J Hand Surg Am. 2014;39:2472–80.
Shin HD, Rodriguez AM, Abraham JT, Cargile JC, Brown CN, Altman AM, et al. Does ERAS benefit higher BMI patients? A single institutional review. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021;74:475–9.
Tidadini F, Trilling B, Quesada JL, Foote A, Sage PY, Bonne A, et al. Association between enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol, risk factors and 3-year survival after colorectal surgery for cancer in the elderly. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2023;35:167–75.
Ljungqvist O, de Boer HD, Balfour W, Fawcett WJ, Lobo DN, Nelson G, et al. Opportunities and challenges for the next phase of enhanced recovery after surgery: a review. JAMA Surg. 2021;156:775–84.
Kremer MJ, Griffis CA. Evidence-based use of nonopioid analgesics. AANA J. 2018;86:321–7.
Meng Z, Hui W, Cai Y, Liu J, Wu H. The effects of DRGs-based payment compared with cost-based payment on inpatient healthcare utilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Policy. 2020;124:359–67.
Driessen M, Edwards M, Biert J, Hermans E. Long-term results of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures treated with minimal invasive surgery using percutaneous screw fixation. Injury. 2021;52:1054–9.
O’Leary L, Jayatilaka L, Leader R, Fountain J. Poor nutritional status correlates with mortality and worse postoperative outcomes in patients with femoral neck fractures. Bone Joint J. 2021;103-B:164–9.
Salinas FV, Hanson NA. Evidence-based medicine for ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia. Anesthesiol Clin. 2014;32:771–87.
Beverly A, Kaye AD, Ljungqvist O, Urman RD. Essential elements of multimodal analgesia in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) guidelines. Anesthesiol Clin. 2017;35:e115–43.
Burgess L, Arundel J, Wainwright T. The effect of preoperative education on psychological, clinical and economic outcomes in elective spinal surgery: a systematic review. Healthcare. 2019;7:48.
van Rooijen S, Carli F, Dalton S, Thomas G, Bojesen R, Le Guen M, Barizien N, Awasthi R, Minnella E, Beijer S, et al. Multimodal prehabilitation in colorectal cancer patients to improve functional capacity and reduce postoperative complications: the first international randomized controlled trial for multimodal prehabilitation. BMC Cancer 2019;19(1):98.
Lee H, Kwon H, Lee W, Yang I, Choi Y, Park K. Effectiveness of ERAS (enhanced recovery after surgery) protocol via peripheral nerve block for total knee arthroplasty. J Clin Med 2022;11(12):3354
Wang M, Chang H, Grossman J. Reduced acute care costs with the ERAS minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion compared with conventional minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Neurosurg. 2018;83(4):827–34.
Yao Y, Li G, Li J, Liu S, Chen Y, Deng J, Wei Y, Gao L, Wang D, Zeng H. Short-term outcomes of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for ankle fracture patients: a single-center retrospective cohort study. Orthop Surg 2023;15(3):766–76.
Ji ZW, Fan CY, Yu ZL, Wu XX, Mao HQ. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) relieves psychological stress in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture undergoing percutaneous kyphoplasty: an observational retrospective cohort study. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18:218.
Ljungqvist O, Scott M, Fearon KC. Enhanced recovery after surgery: a review. JAMA Surg. 2017;152:292–8.
Stowers MD, Manuopangai L, Hill AG, Gray JR, Coleman B, Munro JT. Enhanced recovery after surgery in elective hip and knee arthroplasty reduces length of hospital stay. ANZ J Surg. 2016;86:475–9.
Strickland LH, Kelly L, Hamilton TW, Murray DW, Pandit HG, Jenkinson C. Early recovery following lower limb arthroplasty: qualitative interviews with patients undergoing elective hip and knee replacement surgery. Initial phase in the development of a patient-reported outcome measure. J Clin Nurs. 2018;27:2598–608.
Kang Y, Liu J, Chen H, Ding W, Chen J, Zhao B, Yin X. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in elective intertrochanteric fracture patients result in reduced length of hospital stay (LOS) without compromising functional outcome. J Orthop Surg Res. 2019;14:209.
Gu Y, Zhao L, Ren Y, Nyeenya NJ, Wang Y, Xu C, et al. Clinical study of volar median approach combined with lateral radial auxiliary approach in treatment of c-type distal radius fractures: our clinical and radiological results. Med Sci Monit. 2023;29: e938806.
Acknowledgements
We thank Professor Li Ting for his guidance and supervision of the survey. We thank Vikas Narang, from Editage (https://www.editage.com) for editing the English text of a draft of this manuscript.
Funding
Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program (PX2020017).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
MEAL, METZ wrote the paper, RZY, AMT, SZJ and FG analyzed the data, YX and YDC review & editing manuscript. LT designed the study and reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate
This study was approved by the ethics committee of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, China (JST202101-14).
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
About this article
Cite this article
Mu Er Ti Zha, M.E.A.L.M., Sun, Z.J., Li, T. et al. Impact of ERAS compliance on the short-term outcomes for distal radius surgery: a single-center retrospective study. J Orthop Surg Res 18, 702 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-04178-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-04178-6