Fig. 4

A Photoluminescence of E. coli-mCherry in different concentrations of PVA solution at different time points; B Quantitative results of grayscale values of each group in (A). C Photoluminescence diagram of titanium plate contaminated by E. coli-mCherry for 2 h (bar = 1 mm). D Confocal and 3D reconstruction map of E. coli-mCherry with PBS or 20%PVA labeled with pyrene formaldehyde. Bar = 100 μm. Data are represented as means ± SD. Significant differences between 15%PVA group and control group are indicated as ^#(p < 0.05). Significant differences between 20%PVA group and control group, 5%PVA group and 10%PVA group are indicated as *(p < 0.05). Significant differences between 20%PVA group and control group are indicated as **(p < 0.05)