Fig. 3

Antibacterial and Antibiofilm effects of PVA solution on Titanium Plate. A S. aureus plate coating results (bar = 10 mm) and corresponding counting results (G). B E. coli plate coating results and corresponding counting results (H). C Formation of S. aureus biofilm (bar = 1 mm) and quantitative analysis (I). D Formation of E. coli biofilm and quantitative analysis (J). E Multi-layer superposition map of E. coli-mCherry planted on titanium plate (bar = 100 μm). F 3D reconstruction map of E. coli-mCherry planted on titanium plate (bar = 100 μm). Data are represented as means ± SD. Significant differences are indicated as **(p < 0.05)