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Table 4 GRADE evidence profile for outcomes

From: Duloxetine reduces opioid consumption and pain after total hip or knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Outcomes

Relative effect

(95% CI)

No of Participants

(Studies)

Quality of the evidence

(GRADE)

Total opioid consumption

-0.50 (-0.70, -0.31)

400 (4)

⊕⊕⊕⊕high

Pain score during rest at 1 week

-0.49 (-0.80, -0.18)

315 (4)

⊕⊕⊕moderate2

Pain score during rest at 2–3 week

-0.54 (-1.02, -0.07)

363 (4)

⊕⊕low1, 2

Pain score during activity at 1 week

-0.64 (-0.94, -0.34)

315 (4)

⊕⊕⊕moderate2

Pain score during activity at 2–3 week

-0.62 (-1.04, -0.19)

469 (5)

⊕⊕⊕moderate1

The rate of postoperative dizziness

0.99 (0.57, 1.75)

429 (6)

⊕⊕⊕⊕high

The rate of postoperative drowsiness

1.83 (1.08, 3.09)

310 (4)

⊕⊕low1,2

The rate of postoperative insomnia

0.99 (0.74, 1.32)

215 (3)

⊕⊕⊕moderate2

The rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting

0.69 (0.50, 0.95)

692 (8)

⊕⊕⊕⊕high

The rate of postoperative constipation

0.90 (0.66, 1.23)

382 (5)

⊕⊕⊕moderate2

The rate of postoperative appetite loss

0.91 (0.77, 1.07)

87 (2)

⊕⊕⊕moderate2

The rate of postoperative fatigue

0.92 (0.79, 1.08)

378 (5)

⊕⊕⊕moderate2

The rate of postoperative dry mouth

0.97 (0.71, 1.34)

382 (5)

⊕⊕⊕moderate2

  1. 1 Inconsistency (very high statistical heterogeneity exists, confidence interval overlap is small, and it cannot be explained by study design, differences in included populations, intervention methods, etc.); 2 Imprecision (the overall sample size is less than 400)