Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Study | Country | Design | Number of patients | Mean age (years) | Men (%) | Definition of DM | Number of patients with DM | Follow-up duration | Methods for DVT prevention | Methods for confirmation of postoperative DVT | Number of patients with postoperative DVT | Variables adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Meding 2003 | US | RC | 3519 | 70 | 40.7 | T1D or T2D | 291 | During hospitalization | IV heparin during surgery | Clinically screened with DUS for all the patients | 13 | Age and sex |
Bolognesi 2008 | US | RC | 458,986 | 67.9 | 38.8 | T1D or T2D | 46,315 | During hospitalization | NR | ICD codes | 225 | Age, race, sex, and income |
Moon 2008 | Korea | RC | 342 | 67.5 | 9.4 | T1D or T2D | 171 | During hospitalization | Not performed | Clinically screened with DUS for all the patients | 5 | Age, sex, and BMI |
Wang 2013 | China | RC | 245 | 67 | 29.4 | T1D or T2D | 53 | 14Â days | LMWH for 14Â days starting on the first postoperative day | Clinically screened with DUS for all the patients | 125 | Age, sex, type of anesthesia, hypertension, and CAD |
Adams 2013 | US | RC | 40,491 | 68 | 37.5 | T1D or T2D | 7567 | 90Â days | NR | Clinically screened with DUS for all the patients | 200 | Age, sex, BMI, and CCI |
Zhao 2014 | China | RC | 358 | 68 | 33.5 | T1D or T2D | 70 | 14Â days | LMWH for 14Â days starting on the first postoperative day | Clinically screened with DUS for all the patients | 198 | Age, sex, and hypertension |
Kang 2015 | China | RC | 1025 | 76.8 | 36.7 | T1D or T2D | 260 | During hospitalization | LMWH postoperative | Clinically screened with DUS for all the patients | 175 | Age, sex, BMI, serum Hcy, FBG, surgery time, and use of foot pump |
Song 2016 | China | RC | 109 | 66.8 | 18.3 | T1D or T2D | 14 | During hospitalization | Rivaroxaban or LMWH postoperative | Clinically diagnosed with lower limb venography | 26 | None |
Martinez 2017 | Spain | RC | 26,640 | 71.6 | 32.3 | T2DM | 13,320 | During hospitalization | NR | ICD codes | 67 | Age, sex, and comorbidities |
Dai 2020 | China | RC | 431 | 67.9 | 19 | T1D or T2D | 70 | During hospitalization | LMWH postoperative | Clinically screened with DUS for all the patients | 95 | None |
Gu 2020 | US | RC | 13,246 | NR | 40.1 | T1D or T2D | 2865 | 30Â days | NR | Clinically screened with DUS for all the patients | 121 | None |
Lee 2021 | Korea | RC | 103 | NR | 11 | T1D or T2D | 23 | During hospitalization | LMWH postoperative | Clinically diagnosed with lower limb venography | 22 | Age, sex, type of anesthesia, and BMI |
Gao 2023 | China | RC | 661 | 69.8 | 32.5 | T1D or T2D | 91 | During hospitalization | LMWH postoperative | Clinically diagnosed with lower limb venography | 207 | Age, sex, BMI, smoking, comorbidities, surgery time, and type of anesthesia |