Table 3 The sensitivity analysis excluded the studies considered to contribute the most heterogeneity
Results and subgroup analysis | Number of studies | Exclusion study | Heterogeneity | P (overall effect test) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
x2 | I2, % | P | Â | |||
1.1 Lumbar VAS score | ||||||
 1.1.1Postoperative ≤ 2 weeks | 7 | Lim, 2022 | 5.43 | 8% | 0.37 |  < 0.00001 |
 1.1.2 Post 3 months | 5 | Han, 2022 | 5.05 | 41% | 0.17 |  < 0.00001 |
 1.1.3 Final FU | 10 | Chang, 2022 | 0.98 | 0% | 1.00 |  = 0.04 |
1.2 Preoperative (lower extremity pain VAS score) | 7 | Ge, 2022 | 0.02 | 27% | 0.23 |  = 0.58 |
1.3 ODI score | ||||||
 1.3.1 Post 3 months | 5 | Zhang, 2021 | 3.44 | 13% | 0.33 |  = 0.17 |
 1.3.1 Post 6 months | 3 | Zhang, 2021 | 0.00 | 0% | 0.96 |  = 0.17 |