Table 1 Basic characteristics of the 13 studies were included
No. | Author (year) | Country | Study type | Sex (male/female) | Age | Operation level | Follow-up/month | Outcome measures | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Endo-TLIF | MIS-TLIF | Endo-TLIF | MIS-TLIF | Endo-TLIF | MIS-TLIF | ||||||
1 | Lim, 2017 [25] | Korea | CC | 13/10 | 22/14 | 62.7 ± 4.1 | 58.2 ± 8.2 | L2-3: 1 L3-4: 2 L4-5: 12 L5-S1: 7 | L2-3: 2 L3-4: 4 L4-5: 20 L5-S1: 10 |  ≥ 12 | ①③④⑥ |
2 | AO, 2020 [4] | China | PCS | 16/19 | 22/18 | 52.80 ± 7.50 | 53.68 ± 7.24 | L3-4: 1 L4-5: 25 L5-S1: 9 | L3-4: 1 L4-5: 19 L5-S1: 2 |  ≥ 12 | ①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧ |
3 | Gatam, 2020 [26] | Indonesia | CC | 26/46 | 28/45 | 55.1 ± 5.12 | 52.3 ± 6.13 | L3-4: 8 L4-5: 56 L5-S1: 8 | L3-4: 10 L4-5: 48 L5-S1: 5 |  ≥ 12 | ④ |
4 | Kim, 2020 [19] | Korea | PCS | 17/15 | 25/30 | 70.5 ± 8.26 | 67.3 ± 10.7 | L2-3: 1 L3-4: 3 L4-5: 20 L5-S1: 8 | L2-3: 0 L3-4: 2 L4-5: 46 L5-S1: 7 | 18.4 (14–38) | ①②③④⑤⑥⑧ |
5 | Zhao, 2021 [12] | China | PCS | 23/17 | 20/18 | 56.93 ± 1.66 | 57.01 ± 0.95 | L3-4: 7 L4-5: 24 L5-S1: 9 | L3-4: 8 L4-5: 22 L5-S1: 8 | 30.7 (24–34) | ④⑤⑥⑦⑧ |
6 | Lv, 2021 [22] | China | RCT | 30/24 | 26/22 | 54.96 ± 13.16 | 53.98 ± 11.51 | L3-4: 9 L4-5: 31 L5-S1: 14 | L3-4: 8 L4-5: 24 L5-S1: 16 |  ≥ 18 | ①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧ |
7 | Kang, 2021 [23] | Korea | PCS | 17/30 | 17/15 | 66.87 ± 10.41 | 66.38 ± 9.45 | L2-3: 4 L3-4: 7 L4-5: 34 L5-S1: 20 | L2-3: 1 L3-4: 9 L4-5: 22 L5-S1: 11 | 15.01 ± 2.53 | ④⑥⑦⑧ |
8 | Zhang, 2021 [14] | China | CC | 12/20 | 14/16 | 53.1 ± 12.8 | 55.7 ± 14.2 | L3-4: 3 L4-5: 28 L5-S1: 1 | L3-4: 1 L4-5: 27 L5-S1: 2 |  ≥ 12 | ①②③④⑤⑥⑦ |
9 | Chang, 2022 [24] | China | PCS | 26 | 32 | 57.2 ± 13.5 | 56.1 ± 12.1 | L4-5: 26 | L4-5: 32 |  ≥ 18 | ①②③④⑥⑦ |
10 | Xue, 2022 [21] | China | CC | 20 | 20 | 46.3 ± 17.2 | 48.4 ± 13.6 | L3-4: 6 L4-5: 14 | L3-4: 5 L4-5: 15 |  ≥ 18 | ①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧ |
11 | Shi, 2023 [20] | China | CC | 32 | 32 | 59.3 ± 6.2 | 59.2 ± 5.5 | L4-5: 32 | L4-5: 32 |  ≥ 18 | ①②③④⑥⑦ |
12 | Ge, 2022 [18] | China | CC | 21/20 | 19/24 | 59.6 ± 7.6 | 62.7 ± 10.4 | L3-4: 1 L4-5: 33 L5-S1: 7 | L3-4: 2 L4-5: 35 L5-S1: 6 |  ≥ 18 | ①②③④⑤⑥⑦ |
13 | Han, 2022 [27] | China | CC | 18/21 | 23/20 | 60.35 ± 8.04 | 60.98 ± 6.62 | L3-4: 9 L4-5: 27 L5-S1: 3 | L3-4: 10 L4-5: 24 L5-S1: 9 |  ≥ 18 | ①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧ |