Table 1 Basic characteristics of the included papers

Joshi et al. [24]

2015

American

50

50

CPM: 68.5 ± 7.8

PT : 70.5 ± 8.7

CPM: 40%

PT : 24%

ROM; Complication; WOMAC; PAQ scores; Discharge location; Cost;

Lenssen et al. [8]

2008

Netherlands

30

30

CPM: 64.1±8.1

PT : 65±9.1

CPM: 40%

PT : 30%

ROM-active knee flexion; ROM-passive knee flexion

ROM-active knee extension; ROM-passive knee extension

Pain, function (WOMAC, Knee Society Score);

Pain medication; Satisfaction with treatment; Satisfaction with treatment results; Compliance; Quantity, duration and kind of treatment;

Mau-Moeller et al [26]

2014

Germany

19

19

CPM: 67.1 ±8.8

PT : 68.8 ±8.0

CPM: 63%

PT : 53%

passive knee flexion range of motion;

active knee flexion range of motion; active and passive knee extension ROM; static postural control;

physical activity; pain; length of hospital stay as well as clinical; functional and quality-of-life outcomes (SF-36, HSS and WOMAC scores);

Schulz et al. [25]

2018

Germany

38

38

CPM: 71.0± 8.0

PT : 69.0 ± 8.0

CPM: 44%

PT : 52%

Pre-op Flexion; Discharge; Length of stay in days;

Gil‑González et al.[23]

2022

Spain

105

115

CPM: 74.2±6.8

PT : 73.3±6.9

CPM: 36%

PT : 39%

ROM-active knee flexion; ROM-passive knee flexion

ROM-active knee extension; ROM-passive knee extension

Pain medication;

Bruun-olsen et al. [22]

2009

Norway

30

33

CPM: 68.0±10.0

PT : 71.0±10.0

CPM: 27%

PT : 33%

Knee circumference; Pain intensity (VAS 0 – 100);

Active knee flexion; Passive knee flexion; Active knee extension; Time Up and Go;40 m walking test;