The association between oral carbohydrate intake before orthopedic surgery for osteoporotic fractures and outcomes in elderly patients

Table 2 The Association Between CHO and Outcomes in Different Models

Outcomes	Model 1^a	Model 2^b	Model 3^c
Mortality, OR (95% CI) P-value	0.35 (0.15, 0.85) 0.020	0.37 (0.14, 0.97) 0.044	0.34 (0.12, 0.95) 0.039
LOS, β (95% CI) P-value, days	− 1.65 (− 2.42, − 0.88) < 0.001	− 1.44 (− 2.19, − 0.69) < 0.001	− 1.36 (− 2.11, − 0.61) < 0.001
Hospitalization cost, β (95% CI) P-value, U$	− 543.26 (− 909.74, − 176.78) 0.004	− 543.26 (− 909.74, − 176.78) 0.004	− 504.42 (− 872.49, − 136.35) 0.008
Blood transfusion, OR (95% CI) P-value	0.60 (0.32, 1.14) 0.118	0.82 (0.41, 1.63) 0.564	0.84 (0.42, 1.69) 0.627
PONV, OR (95% CI) P-value	1.00 (0.35, 2.89) 1.000	1.22 (0.41, 3.62) 0.721	1.10 (0.36, 3.31) 0.870

OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, CHO carbohydrate, BMI body mass index, LOS length of stay, and PONV postoperative nausea and vomiting
^aNo adjustment
^bAdjusted for age, sex, fracture site, and serum magnesium
^cAdjusted for Model 2 plus BMI, anesthesia, serum potassium, serum creatinine, and the propensity score

ISSN: 1749-799X