Table 5 Summary of spinal flexibility assessment methods
References | Methods | Positions | Parameters | Definitions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cheung [14] | Radiographic | Supine | Supine Cobb angle | NA |
Cheung [30] | Radiographic | Supine | Flexibility rate | (Pre-brace Cobb angle − supine Cobb angle)/pre-brace Cobb angle × 100% |
Cheung [6] | Radiographic | Supine | Curve flexibility | (Pre-brace Cobb angle − supine Cobb angle)/pre-brace Cobb angle × 100% |
He [15] | Radiographic and ultrasound | Supine Prone Prone with lateral bending Sitting with lateral bending | Curve flexibility | (Angle US standing − Angle US in given position)/Angle US standing |
He [33] | Radiographic and ultrasound | Supine Prone Prone with lateral bending Sitting with lateral bending | Curvature angle in four positions | NA |
Ohrt-Nissen [31] | Radiographic | Supine lateral bending | Curve flexibility | (Standing Cobb angle − Supine lateral bending Cobb angle)/Standing Cobb angle × 100% |
Ohrt-Nissen [32] | Radiographic | Supine lateral bending | Curve flexibility | (Standing Cobb angle − Supine lateral bending Cobb angle)/standing Cobb angle × 100% |
Wong [28] | Radiographic | Supine | Supine flexibility rate | (Pre-brace Cobb angle − supine Cobb angle)/pre-brace Cobb angle × 100% |
Kuroki [34] | Radiographic | Hanging | Flexibility index | (Cobb angle in upright position − Cobb angle in hanging position)/Cobb angle in upright position × 100% |
Kawasaki [36] | Radiographic | Supine | Supine flexibility rate | (Standing Cobb angle − initial supine Cobb angle)/standing Cobb angle × 100% |
Strube [17] | Radiographic | Bending toward the convexity | Curve flexibility | Change in Cobb angle between AP view and bending to the convex side (deltaCobb1bend/deltaCobb2bend) |
Falbo [16] | Physical | Fulcrum bending | Curve flexibility | A visual recording method |
Kwan [29] | Radiographic | Supine | Supine flexibility | (Pre-brace Cobb Angle − Supine Cobb Angle)/Pre-brace Cobb Angle × 100% |
Kuroki [35] | Radiographic | Hanging | Flexibility index | (Cobb angle in upright position − Cobb angle in hanging position)/Cobb angle in upright position × 100% |