Table 2 Characteristics of the included trial

Alkatan et al

2016

Osteoarthritis

40 subjects

AE + LE

12 weeks [3/week]

AE:20–45'Intervention LE:20–45'Intervention

Pain; physical function; quality of life

AE(N = 20)

LE(N = 20)

Andrade et al

2018

Fibromyalgia

54 F AE(N = 27) 48 ± 8 NE(N = 27) 47 ± 8

AE + NE

16 weeks [2/week]

AE: 45'Intervention

Pain; physical function; quality of life

Assis et al

2006

Fibromyalgia

60 F AE(N = 30) 43.43 ± 10.76 LE(N = 30) 42.17 ± 10.05

AE + LE

15 weeks [3/week]

AE:10'W + 40 MW + 10'Str LE:10'W + 40 MW + 10'Str

physical function; quality of life

Baena-Beato et al

2014

Low back pain

38 subjects AE(N = 21) 50.9 ± 9.6 12F + 9 M NE(N = 17) 46.2 ± 9.8 10F + 7 M

AE + NE

2 months [5/week]

AE:10'W + 35–45'MW + 10'str

Pain; physical function; quality of life

Belza et al

2002

Osteoarthritis

157 subjects AE(N = 36) NE(N = 121)

AE + NE

20 weeks [2/week]

AE: 1 h Intervention

Pain; quality of life

Britto et al

2020

Fibromyalgia

33 F AE(N = 16) 50.25 ± 6.09 LE(N = 17) 46.18 ± 10.84

AE + LE

8 weeks [3/week]

AE:10'W + 40'MW + 10'Str LE:10'w + 40'MW + 10'Str

Pain; physical function; quality of life

Cuesta-Vargas et al

2012

Low back pain

49 subjects AE(N = 25) NE(N = 24)

AE + NE

16 weeks [3/week]

AE:30'Intervention

Pain; physical function

Dundar et al

2009

Low back pain

65 subjects AE(N = 32) 35.3 ± 7.8 LE(N = 33) 34.8 ± 8.3

AE + LE

4 weeks [5/week]

AE:15'W + 40 MW + 5'Str LE:60'Intervention

Pain; physical function

Dundar et al

2014

Ankylosing spondylitis

69 subjects AE(N = 35) 42.3 ± 11.3 5F + 30 M LE(N = 34) 43.1 ± 11.7 6F + 28 M

AE + LE

4 weeks [5/week]

AE:15'W + 40 MW + 5'Str LE:60'Intervention

Pain; physical function

Evcik et al

2008

Fibromyalgia

61 subjects AE(N = 31) 43.8 ± 7.7 LE(N = 30) 42.8 ± 7.6

AE + LE

5 weeks [3/week]

AE:20'W + 35 MW + 5'Str LE:60'Intervention

Pain

Fonseca et al

2019

Fibromyalgia

46 F AE(N = 27) 53.78 ± 10.40 LE(N = 19) 54.47 ± 11.18

AE + LE

10 weeks[1/week]

AE:5'W + 45'MW + 10'Str LE:45'MW

Pain; quality of life

Fransen et al

2007

Osteoarthritis

96 subjects AE(N = 55) 70.0 ± 6.3 40F + 15 M NE(N = 41) 69.6 ± 6.1 34F + 7 M

AE + NE

12 weeks [2/week]

AE:60'Intervention

Pain; physical function

Guillemin et al

1994

Low back pain

102 subjects AE(N = 50) NE(N = 52)

AE + NE

3 weeks

AE:15'Intervention

Pain; quality of life

Gusi et al

2006

Fibromyalgia

34 F AE(N = 17) 51 ± 10 NE(N = 17) 51 ± 9

AE + NE

12 weeks [3/week]

AE:10'W + 40 MW + 10'Str

Pain; quality of life

Hale et al

2011

Osteoarthritis

35 subjects AE(N = 20) NE(N = 15)

AE + NE

12 weeks [2/week]

AE:20'-60'Intervention

Pain; physical function; quality of life

Hinman et al

2007

Osteoarthritis

71 subjects AE(N = 36) 63.3 ± 9.5 24F + 12 M NE(N = 35) 61.5 ± 7.8 24F + 11 M

AE + NE

6 weeks [2/week]

AE:45'-60'Intervention

Pain; physical function; quality of life

Lim et al

2010

Osteoarthritis

75 subjects AE(N = 26) 65.7 ± 8.9 23F + 3 M LE(N = 25) 67.7 ± 7.7 21F + 4 M NE(N = 24) 63.6 ± 5.3 21F + 3 M

AE + LE + NE

8 weeks [3/week]

AE:5'W + 30 MW + 5'Str LE:5'W + 30 MW + 5'Str

Pain; physical function

Lund et al

2008

Osteoarthritis

79 subjects AE(N = 27) 65 ± 12.6 22F + 5 M LE(N = 25) 68 ± 9.5 20F + 5 M NE(N = 27) 70 ± 9.9 20F + 7 M

AE + LE + NE

8 weeks [2/week]

AE:10'W + 30'MW + 10'Str LE:10'W + 30'MW + 10'Str

Pain; quality of life

Mannerkorpi et al

2009

Fibromyalgia

166 F AE(N = 81) 44.6 ± 9.26 NE(N = 85) 46.5 ± 8.30

AE + NE

20 weeks [1/week]

AE:45'Intervention

Pain; physical function; quality of life

McIlroy et al

2017

Osteoarthritis

13 F AE(N = 7) 64.3 ± 8.7 NE(N = 6) 62.3 ± 6.6

AE + NE

6 weeks

AE:30'Intervention

Pain; physical function

Munguía-Izquierdo et al

2008

Fibromyalgia

58 subjects AE(N = 34) 50 ± 7 NE(N = 24) 46 ± 8

AE + NE

16 weeks [3/week]

AE:10'W + 40 MW + 10'Str

Pain; physical function; quality of life

Munukka et al

2016

Osteoarthritis

84 F AE(N = 42) 64 ± 2 NE(N = 42) 64 ± 2

AE + NE

16 weeks [3/week]

AE:60'Intervention

Pain; quality of life

Patrick et al

2001

Osteoarthritis

249 subjects AE(N = 125) 65.7 109F + 16 M NE(N = 124) 66.1 106F + 18 M

AE + NE

20 weeks [2/week]

AE:45–60'Intervention

Pain; quality of life

Sahin et al

2018

Osteoarthritis

59 F AE(N = 30) 60.46 ± 6.82

NE(N = 29) 58.23 ± 7.55

AE + NE 3 weeks [5/week]

AE:45'-60'W

Quality of life

Silva et al

2008

Osteoarthritis

64 subjects AE(N = 32) 59 ± 7.60 30F + 2 M

LE(N = 32) 59 ± 6.08 29F + 3 M

AE + LE 18 weeks [3/week]

AE:50'Intervention LE:50'Intervention

Pain

Sjogren et al

1997

Low back pain

56 subjects AE(N = 28) LE(N = 28)

AE + LE

6 weeks [2/week]

AE:50'Intervention LE:50'Intervention

Pain; physical function

Taglietti et al

2018

Osteoarthritis

60 subjects AE(N = 31) 67.3 ± 5.9 8 M + 23F NE(N = 29) 68.7 ± 6.7 11 M + 18F

AE + NE

8 weeks [2/week]

AE:60'Intervention

Pain; physical function; quality of life

Tomas-Carus et al

2007

Fibromyalgia

34 F AE(N = 17) 51 ± 10 NE(N = 17) 51 ± 9

AE + NE

12 weeks [3/week]

AE: 10'W + 40'MW + 10'Str

Pain; physical function; quality of life

Tomas-Carus et al

2008

Fibromyalgia

30 F AE(N = 15) 50.7 ± 10.6 NE(N = 15) 50.9 ± 6.7

AE + NE

8 months [3/week]

AE:10'w + 50'Intervention

Pain; physical function; quality of life

Tomas-Carus et al

2009

Fibromyalgia

30 F AE(N = 15) 50.7 ± 10.6 NE(N = 15) 50.9 ± 6.7

AE + NE

32 weeks [3/week]

AE:10'W + 50'MW

Pain; physical function

Waller et al

2017

osteoarthritis

87 F AE(N = 43) 63.8 ± 2.4 NE(N = 44) 63.9 ± 2.4

AE + NE

16 weeks [3/week]

AE: 60'Intervention

Pain; quality of life

Wang et al

2010

Osteoarthritis

78 subjects AE(N = 26) 66.7 ± 5.6 22F + 4 M LE(N = 26) 68.3 ± 6.4 23F + 3 M NE(N = 26) 67.9 ± 5.9 22F + 4 M

AE + LE + NE

12 weeks [3/week]

AE:5'W + 40 MW + 5'Str LE:5'W + 40 MW + 5'Str

Pain; quality of life