Table 2 Baseline characteristics between training set and validation set
Category | Items | Group | Total patient cohort (n = 3266) | training set (n = 2286) | Validation set (n = 980) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laboratory examinations | Albumin (median [IQR]) | Â | 3.80 [3.20, 4.20] | 3.80 [3.20, 4.20] | 3.80 [3.20, 4.20] | 0.79 |
| Â | Calcium (median [IQR]) | Â | 8.90 [8.40, 9.30] | 8.90 [8.40, 9.30] | 8.90 [8.40, 9.40] | 0.36 |
| Â | Creatinine (median [IQR]) | Â | 0.90 [0.70, 1.20] | 0.90 [0.70, 1.20] | 0.90 [0.70, 1.20] | 0.37 |
| Â | Potassium (median [IQR]) | Â | 4.20 [3.90, 4.60] | 4.20 [3.90, 4.60] | 4.20 [3.90, 4.60] | 0.61 |
| Â | Alkaline_phosphatase (median [IQR]) | Â | 82.00 [64.00, 109.00] | 81.00 [65.00, 109.00] | 82.00 [64.00, 106.00] | 0.51 |
| Â | Phosphate (median [IQR]) | Â | 3.40 [2.90, 3.80] | 3.40 [2.90, 3.80] | 3.30 [2.90, 3.80] | 0.97 |
| Â | Chloride (median [IQR]) | Â | 102.00 [100.00, 105.00] | 102.00 [100.00, 105.00] | 102.00 [100.00, 105.00] | 0.31 |
| Â | Sodium (median [IQR]) | Â | 139.00 [137.00, 141.00] | 139.00 [137.00, 141.00] | 139.00 [137.00, 141.00] | 0.16 |
| Â | Blood_glucose (median [IQR]) | Â | 117.50 [99.00, 144.00] | 117.00 [99.00, 142.00] | 119.00 [100.00, 147.00] | 0.22 |
| Â | Bilirubin (median [IQR]) | Â | 0.50 [0.30, 0.70] | 0.50 [0.30, 0.70] | 0.50 [0.30, 0.70] | 0.12 |
| Â | ALT (median [IQR]) | Â | 18.00 [13.25, 26.00] | 18.00 [14.00, 26.00] | 18.00 [13.00, 25.00] | 0.29 |
| Â | AST (median [IQR]) | Â | 24.00 [20.00, 34.00] | 24.00 [19.00, 34.00] | 24.00 [20.00, 34.00] | 0.73 |
| Â | PT (median [IQR]) | Â | 12.30 [11.40, 13.50] | 12.30 [11.40, 13.40] | 12.40 [11.40, 13.62] | 0.19 |
| Â | RDW (median [IQR]) | Â | 13.80 [13.20, 14.70] | 13.80 [13.20, 14.70] | 13.80 [13.10, 14.70] | 0.47 |
Demography | Anchor_age (median [IQR]) | Â | 80.00 [70.00, 87.00] | 80.00 [70.00, 87.00] | 81.00 [71.00, 88.00] | 0.05 |
| Â | Weight (median [IQR]) | Â | 148.00 [123.00, 177.08] | 148.07 [124.00, 178.00] | 147.00 [121.80, 176.50] | 0.35 |
| Â | Height (median [IQR]) | Â | 64.00 [61.50, 67.00] | 64.00 [61.50, 67.00] | 64.00 [61.50, 67.00] | 0.22 |
| Â | BMI (median [IQR]) | Â | 25.30 [22.02, 29.40] | 25.30 [22.10, 29.40] | 25.40 [22.00, 29.42] | 0.59 |
| Â | Gender (%) | Female | 2288 (70.12) | 1597 (69.19) | 691 (70.50) | 0.74 |
| Â | Â | Male | 978 (29.92) | 689 (30.13) | 289 (29.53) | Â |
| Â | Insurance (%) | Medicaid | 87 (2.74) | 56 (2.45) | 31 (3.20) | 0.49 |
| Â | Â | Medicare | 2098 (64.25) | 1469 (64.30) | 629 (64.20) | Â |
| Â | Â | None | 1081 (33.13) | 761 (33.39) | 320 (32.76) | Â |
| Â | Marital status (%) | Married | 1945 (59.64) | 1367 (59.83) | 578 (59.07) | 0.69 |
| Â | Â | Unmarried | 1321 (40.44) | 919 (40.25) | 402 (41.04) | Â |
| Â | Race (%) | White | 645 (19.76) | 439 (19.26) | 206 (21.02) | 0.25 |
| Â | Â | Non-white | 2621 (80.32) | 1847 (80.85) | 774 (79.07) | Â |
Comorbidity | Dementia (%) | No | 2127 (65.15) | 1496 (65.42) | 631 (64.45) | 0.59 |
| Â | Â | Yes | 1139 (34.93) | 790 (34.69) | 349 (35.63) | Â |
| Â | Pneumonia (%) | No | 2929 (89.72) | 2032 (88.96) | 897 (91.52) | 0.03 |
| Â | Â | Yes | 337 (10.37) | 254 (11.15) | 83 (8.51) | Â |
| Â | Osteoporosis (%) | No | 2374 (72.78) | 1666 (72.92) | 708 (72.29) | 0.74 |
| Â | Â | Yes | 892 (27.37) | 620 (27.14) | 272 (27.88) | Â |
| Â | AKI (%) | No | 2368 (72.56) | 1652 (72.38) | 716 (73.15) | 0.67 |
| Â | Â | Yes | 898 (27.52) | 634 (27.77) | 264 (26.94) | Â |
| Â | COPD (%) | No | 2731 (83.61) | 1904 (83.34) | 827 (84.47) | 0.46 |
| Â | Â | Yes | 535 (16.45) | 382 (16.71) | 153 (15.61) | Â |
| Â | Sepsis (%) | No | 2593 (79.46) | 1815 (79.46) | 778 (79.42) | 1.00 |
| Â | Â | Yes | 673 (20.67) | 471 (20.66) | 202 (20.63) | Â |
| Â | Diabetes (%) | No | 2434 (74.51) | 1693 (74.12) | 741 (75.66) | 0.37 |
| Â | Â | Yes | 832 (25.58) | 593 (25.96) | 239 (24.44) | Â |
| Â | Myocardial infarction (%) | No | 2230 (68.39) | 1545 (67.62) | 685 (69.95) | 0.21 |
| Â | Â | Yes | 1036 (31.75) | 741 (32.43) | 295 (30.17) | Â |
| Â | Cardiac dysrhythmia (%) | No | 1924 (58.97) | 1366 (59.88) | 558 (56.94) | 0.15 |
| Â | Â | Yes | 1342 (41.13) | 920 (40.26) | 422 (43.16) | Â |
| Â | Heart failure (%) | No | 2285 (70.04) | 1613 (70.64) | 672 (68.62) | 0.27 |
| Â | Â | Yes | 981 (30.02) | 673 (29.46) | 308 (31.45) | Â |
treatment | Heparin (%) | No | 1039 (31.81) | 717 (31.42) | 322 (32.93) | 0.42 |
| Â | Â | Yes | 2227 (68.26) | 1569 (68.63) | 658 (67.12) | Â |
| Â | Antibiotic treatment (%) | No | 167 (5.17) | 116 (5.15) | 51 (5.23) | 0.94 |
| Â | Â | Yes | 3099 (94.96) | 2170 (94.91) | 929 (94.81) | Â |
| Â | Ventilation status (%) | No | 2375 (72.75) | 1665 (72.83) | 710 (72.42) | 0.85 |
| Â | Â | Yes | 891 (27.32) | 621 (27.21) | 270 (27.61) | Â |