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Table 2 Multivariate linear regression analysis for blood trace elements and BMD

From: Associations of blood trace elements with bone mineral density: a population-based study in US adults

 

LS-BMD (g/cm2)

PV-BMD (g/cm2)

TF-BMD (g/cm2)

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

β(95% CI)

β(95% CI)

β(95% CI)

β(95% CI)

β(95% CI)

β(95% CI)

Fe

Q1

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Q2

0.008 ( − 0.018,0.035)

0.01 ( − 0.016,0.037)

0.01 ( − 0.019,0.039)

0.034 (0.006,0.062)

0.021 ( − 0.02,0.063)

0.028 ( − 0.014,0.069)

Q3

 − 0.007 ( − 0.04,0.026)

0.029 (0.001,0.058)

0.008 ( − 0.034,0.049)

0.021 ( − 0.01,0.053)

0.006 ( − 0.044,0.057)

0.002 ( − 0.041,0.044)

Q4

0.016 ( − 0.011,0.044)

0.006 ( − 0.027,0.04)

0.022 ( − 0.006,0.05)

0.009 ( − 0.023,0.04)

0.025 ( − 0.026,0.075)

0.053 ( − 0.025,0.132)

p for trend

0.394

0.361

0.171

0.633

0.553

0.187

Zn

Q1

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Q2

0.03 ( − 0.001,0.06)

 − 0.014 ( − 0.039,0.012)

0.038 (0,0.077)

 − 0.017 ( − 0.046,0.013)

0.044 ( − 0.01,0.099)

0.015 ( − 0.035,0.066)

Q3

0.01 ( − 0.015,0.035)

 − 0.021 ( − 0.045,0.004)

0.029 (0.004,0.054)

 − 0.013 ( − 0.045,0.02)

0.031 ( − 0.017,0.078)

 − 0.004 ( − 0.052,0.044)

Q4

0.016 ( − 0.01,0.042)

 − 0.014 ( − 0.043,0.015)

0.019 ( − 0.009,0.048)

 − 0.019 ( − 0.05,0.012)

0.045 (0,0.09)

 − 0.034 ( − 0.085,0.017)

p for trend

0.665

0.196

0.474

0.301

0.091

0.267

Cu

Q1

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Q2

 − 0.01 ( − 0.034,0.014)

0.008 ( − 0.033,0.049)

 − 0.004 ( − 0.03,0.021)

0.018 ( − 0.033,0.068)

 − 0.026 ( − 0.061,0.009)

 − 0.013 ( − 0.086,0.06)

Q3

0.003 ( − 0.022,0.028)

0.013 ( − 0.031,0.057)

 − 0.004 ( − 0.032,0.024)

0.026 ( − 0.018,0.07)

 − 0.005 ( − 0.04,0.03)

0.014 ( − 0.063,0.092)

Q4

 − 0.012 ( − 0.045,0.021)

0.01 ( − 0.033,0.054)

 − 0.041 ( − 0.085,0.003)

0.018 ( − 0.027,0.062)

 − 0.036 ( − 0.092,0.021)

 − 0.003 ( − 0.062,0.055)

p for trend

0.820

0.708

0.143

0.586

0.336

0.931

Se

Q1

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Q2

0.005 ( − 0.02,0.031)

 − 0.01 ( − 0.04,0.021)

0.008 ( − 0.019,0.036)

0 ( − 0.024,0.024)

0.012 ( − 0.031,0.055)

 − 0.002 ( − 0.041,0.037)

Q3

0.008 ( − 0.018,0.033)

0.005 ( − 0.024,0.034)

 − 0.015 ( − 0.039,0.009)

0.027 ( − 0.003,0.056)

 − 0.006 ( − 0.047,0.034)

0.054 ( − 0.001,0.11)

Q4

0 ( − 0.029,0.029)

0.003 ( − 0.027,0.033)

 − 0.015 ( − 0.04,0.009)

0.025 ( − 0.008,0.058)

 − 0.003 ( − 0.05,0.043)

0.024 ( − 0.023,0.071)

p for trend

0.956

0.632

0.102

0.042

0.687

0.080

Mn

Q1

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Q2

0.006 ( − 0.021,0.033)

 − 0.007 ( − 0.043,0.029)

0.01 ( − 0.015,0.035)

 − 0.01 ( − 0.046,0.025)

0.017 ( − 0.03,0.065)

0.027 ( − 0.064,0.117)

Q3

0.024 ( − 0.007,0.055)

 − 0.012 ( − 0.044,0.02)

0.022 ( − 0.008,0.052)

 − 0.001 ( − 0.033,0.031)

0.027 ( − 0.012,0.066)

 − 0.007 ( − 0.057,0.043)

Q4

 − 0.008 ( − 0.04,0.025)

 − 0.023 ( − 0.051,0.005)

0.014 ( − 0.027,0.054)

 − 0.027 ( − 0.056,0.003)

 − 0.014 ( − 0.07,0.042)

 − 0.025 ( − 0.066,0.016)

p for trend

0.589

0.097

0.246

0.095

0.831

0.095

Cd

Q1

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Q2

 − 0.002 ( − 0.029,0.025)

0.029 ( − 0.004,0.062)

0.015 ( − 0.014,0.044)

0.02 ( − 0.015,0.054)

0.008 ( − 0.031,0.047)

0.034 ( − 0.01,0.079)

Q3

0.008 ( − 0.023,0.038)

0.02 ( − 0.011,0.052)

0.021 ( − 0.018,0.059)

0.016 ( − 0.017,0.048)

0.03 ( − 0.016,0.076)

0.028 ( − 0.014,0.069)

Q4

0.009 ( − 0.021,0.039)

 − 0.007 ( − 0.047,0.034)

0.027 ( − 0.009,0.062)

 − 0.014 ( − 0.048,0.02)

0.021 ( − 0.028,0.071)

0.015 ( − 0.04,0.07)

p for trend

0.518

0.752

0.119

0.529

0.271

0.617

Pb

Q1

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Q2

 − 0.009 ( − 0.033,0.015)

 − 0.017 ( − 0.047,0.013)

 − 0.005 ( − 0.037,0.026)

 − 0.007 ( − 0.035,0.02)

0.012 ( − 0.042,0.066)

0.001 ( − 0.038,0.039)

Q3

0.013 ( − 0.015,0.041)

 − 0.032 ( − 0.056, − 0.007)

0.005 ( − 0.026,0.035)

 − 0.044 ( − 0.077, − 0.012)

0.036 ( − 0.017,0.089)

 − 0.019 ( − 0.083,0.045)

Q4

 − 0.008 ( − 0.034,0.018)

 − 0.065 ( − 0.099, − 0.032)

 − 0.003 ( − 0.036,0.029)

 − 0.04 ( − 0.079, − 0.001)

 − 0.004 ( − 0.06,0.052)

 − 0.09 ( − 0.144, − 0.037)

p for trend

0.902

 < 0.001

0.990

0.008

0.936

0.003

Hg

Q1

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Q2

0.008 ( − 0.012,0.029)

 − 0.001 ( − 0.033,0.032)

0.02 ( − 0.007,0.046)

 − 0.01 ( − 0.045,0.025)

0.037 ( − 0.006,0.081)

 − 0.028 ( − 0.104,0.048)

Q3

0.001 ( − 0.021,0.023)

0.013 ( − 0.013,0.039)

 − 0.008 ( − 0.041,0.025)

 − 0.004 ( − 0.037,0.029)

 − 0.011 ( − 0.05,0.028)

 − 0.057 ( − 0.127,0.012)

Q4

0.004 ( − 0.022,0.029)

 − 0.02 ( − 0.053,0.013)

 − 0.012 ( − 0.041,0.017)

 − 0.004 ( − 0.042,0.033)

0.035 ( − 0.012,0.083)

 − 0.047 ( − 0.133,0.039)

p for trend

0.898

0.406

0.249

0.912

0.433

0.188

  1. Multivariate linear regression adjusted for age, race, education level, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption, status of hypertension, status of diabetes, status of dyslipidemia, blood calcium levels, blood phosphorus levels, blood 25-OHD3
  2. Values in boldface are significantly different (p < 0.05) from the reference group
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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

ISSN: 1749-799X