Outcomes of hip fracture treatment with intravenous morphine and with other analgesics: postoperative analgesic medical expense, severity of pain and hospitalisation—a retrospective study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics include method of morphine administration and category of analgesic prescription

	Analgesics prescribed as-needed (n = 963)						Analgesics prescribed preemptively (n = 568)
Characteristics	IV morphine (n = 858)		Other analgesics (n = 105)		Absolute STD		IV morphine (n = 411)		Other analgesics (n = 157)		Absolute STD
	N	%	N	%	Before	After	N	%	N	%	Before	After
Age (mean ± SD)	69.50	19.10	73.28	12.97			76.38	14.79	77.25	12.87
Age > 70 years	608	70.86	74	70.48	0.013	0.075	334	81.27	126	80.25	0.003	0.001
Female	566	65.97	90	85.71	0.484	0,005	239	58.15	95	60.51	0.035	0.006
BMI (mean ± SD)	21.54	4.98	22.04	3.37	0.133	0.033	21.12	3.90	21.70	4.04	0.144	0.011
Body weight (mean ± SD)	53.49	12.49	52.42	09.47			52.30	12.10	53.28	10.62
Height (mean ± SD)	157.40	9.08	154.91	7.18			157.35	8.35	156.84	8.51
Femoral neck or subtrochanteric	387	45.10	52	49.52	0.051	0.012	169	41.12	61	38.85	0.041	0.002
Total or partial hip replacement	228	26.57	38	36.19	0.189	0.020	112	27.23	35	22.29	0.124	0.000
Operation time (median (IQR)	75	59,100	70	60,90	0.051	0,047	70	55, 90	65	55, 85	0.066	0,056
Spinal block	560	65.27	78	74.29	0.222	0.029	271	65.94	117	74.52	0.248	0.011

IV Intravenous, SD Standard Deviation, BMI Body Mass Index, IQR Interquartile Range, Absolute STD Absolute Standardized Difference

ISSN: 1749-799X