Modulation of the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor system in osteoporosis pathogenesis: insights and therapeutic approaches

Table 1 Association of different VDR polymorphisms with osteoporosis risks

Polymorphism	Osteoporosis Risk	Ethnicity	References
ApaI TaqI	Significantly associated with osteoporosis incidence risk	Saudi, White British males, Postmenopausal Chinese women, Korea Saudi Arabia	[61, 62, 66, 67, 69]
ApaI TaqI	No correlation with BMD	Austria, Spanish women aged over 60	[64, 71]
BsmI	Significant association with osteoporosis susceptibility	Caucasians, Asian	[65, 70]
BsmI	No statistical association with osteoporosis risk and BMD	Postmenopausal Spanish women undergoing osteoporosis treatment, Han Chinese	[71, 74]
FokI	Potential biomarker for osteoporosis development	Postmenopausal Thai, Italian postmenopausal women, Chinese, Caucasian	[63, 68, 72, 75]
FokI	Association with osteoporosis risk in Asians, not in Caucasians	Meta-analysis	[73]
rs11568820	Association with risk of fracture and osteoporosis	Young, healthy, postmenopausal Spanish women	[76]
rs11568820	No significant association with osteoporosis risk	Meta-analysis	[12]
p.Gly14Ala p.His305Gln	Association with osteoporosis risk	Postmenopausal Chinese women	[77]

ISSN: 1749-799X