Table 2 Treatment and outcome of 103 patients with atrophic nonunion
Variable | Total (N = 103) | Patients treated with two-stage IMT (N = 41) | Patients treated with one-stage autograft (N = 62) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
One-stage group versus two-stage group | ||||
Definite fixation | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Intramedullary nail | 39 (37.9) | 13 (31.7) | 26 (41.9) | 0.603 |
 Osteosynthesis plate | 26 (25.2) | 11 (26.8) | 15 (24.2) |  |
 Intramedullary nail + plate | 38 (36.9) | 17 (41.5) | 21 (33.9) |  |
Bone defect gap, cm | 2.00 ± 0.46 | 2.11 ± 0.56 | 1.93 ± 0.36 | 0.077 |
Healthcare burden | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Total hospital stay, median (range) days | 12 (7–32) | 8 (7–18) | 14 (10–32) | < 0.01 |
 Total direct healthcare costs, ¥ | 46,480 (23,467–98,792) | 30,432 (23,467–67,618) | 56,327 (46,063–98792) | 0.026 |
Bone consolidation | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Union, yes | 95 (92.2) | 38 (92.7) | 57 (91.9) | 0.089 |
 Lane Sandhu scores | 8.16 ± 1.55 | 8.68 ± 0.96 | 7.81 ± 1.76 | 0.002 |
Complications | 19 (18.4) | 7 (17.1) | 12 (19.4) | 0.770 |
 Nonunion | 8 (7.8) | 3 (7.3) | 5 (8.1) |  |
 Infection | 3 (2.9) | 1 (2.4) | 2 (3.2) |  |
 Material failure | 2 (6.9) | 1 (2.4) | 1 (1.6) |  |
 Donor site pain | 6 (5.8) | 2 (4.9) | 4 (6.5) |  |
SF-12 PCS | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Preoperative | 22.16 ± 6.84 | 21.36 ± 5.96 | 22.90 ± 7.59 | 0.383 |
 1 year post-op | 49.94 ± 4.08 | 49.64 ± 3.75 | 50.23 ± 4.41 | 0.580 |
 Significance within group |  | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |  |
SF-12 MCS | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Preoperative | 25.24 ± 5.97 | 24.85 ± 5.54 | 25.61 ± 6.41 | 0.628 |
 1 year post-op | 46.74 ± 4.71 | 46.14 ± 4.46 | 47.30 ± 4.94 | 0.345 |
 Significance within group |  | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |  |