Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
Osteoporosis N = 48 | Nonosteoporosis N = 19 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 70.21 ± 8.97 | 68 ± 7.62 | 0.348 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 20.35 ± 3.62 | 23.62 ± 3.26 | 0.001* |
Tobacco use | |||
Current smoker, no (%) | 8 (16.7%) | 5 (26.3%) | 0.496 |
Ex-smoker, no (%) | 39 (81.3%) | 13 (68.4%) | |
Pack-years | 28.50 (10, 60) | 30 (7.5, 40) | |
Charlson comorbidity index | 3.73 ± 1.14 | 3.53 ± 1.12 | 0.513 |
Duration of inhaled corticosteroid, year | 4.42 (1.25, 7.63) | 2.75 (1, 7) | 0.587 |
Fluticasone equivalent dose, mcg/day | 500 (250, 500) | 250 (250, 500) | 0.744 |
Oral corticosteroid uses in the past year, no (%) | 17 (35.4%) | 6 (31.6%) | 0.766 |
GOLD grade, no (%) | |||
I: FEV1 ≥ 80% predicted | 7 (14.6%) | 4 (21.1%) | 0.289 |
II: FEV1 50–79% predicted | 21 (43.8%) | 10 (52.6%) | |
III: FEV1 30–49% predicted | 12 (25%) | 5 (26.3%) | |
IV: FEV1 < 30% predicted | 8 (16.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
COPD Assessment Test (CAT™) score | 12 (4, 18) | 11 (1, 16) | 0.411 |
Numbers of exacerbation in the previous year | 0 (0, 1) | 0 (0, 1) | 0.514 |
FFMI (kg/m2) | 16.94 ± 1.95 | 18.38 ± 1.42 | 0.002* |
Global Physical Activity Questionnaire total activity, metabolic equivalent intensity min/week | 840 (380, 1920) | 840 (280, 2520) | 0.850 |
Serum 25(OH)D level, ng/ml | 7.80 ± 0.37 | 7.86 ± 0.28 | 0.531 |
Calcaneus QUS | |||
SOS, m/s | 1533.15 ± 17.97 | 1553.47 ± 25.79 | 0.004* |
BUA, dB/MHz | 53.38 ± 18.18 | 60.76 ± 18.22 | 0.140 |
OSI | 2.41 ± 0.30 | 2.76 ± 0.67 | 0.040* |
T-score | −1.51 ± 0.88 | −0.48 ± 1.55 | 0.012* |
Femoral neck T-score | −3.49 ± 1.04 | −1.37 ± 1.06 | < 0.001* |
Lumbar spine T-score | −3.21 ± 1.33 | −0.63 ± 1.50 | < 0.001* |