Table 2 Univariate analysis for blood lipid

25(OH)D level continuous, ng/mL

21.13 ± 8.83

0.003 (− 0.002, 0.009)

0.25

− 0.005 (− 0.010, − 0.000)

0.05

0.005 (0.003, 0.006)

< 0.01

− 0.001(− 0.005, 0.004) 0.78

0.004 (0.003, 0.006)

< 0.01

0.80 (− 0.13, 1.74)

0.09

0.01 (− 0.02,0.05)

0.49

Sex, N (%)

 Male

333 (16.14%)

Reference

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 Female

1730 (83.86%)

0.54 (0.41, 0.68)

< 0.01

0.25 (0.13, 0.36)

0.01

0.14 (0.09, 0.18)

< 0.01

0.31 (0.20, 0.41)

< 0.01

0.14 (0.11, 0.18)

< 0.01

12.84 (− 9.53, 35.21)

0.26

− 3.12 (− 4.03, − 2.34)

< 0.01

Age, N (%)

 > 50, ≤ 70

1256 (60.83%)

Reference

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 > 70

807 (39.12%)

− 0.37 (− 0.47, − 0.27)

< 0.01

− 0.26 (− 0.34, − 0.17)

< 0.01

− 0.03 (− 0.06, 0.005)

0.09

− 0.31(− 0.37, − 0.23)

< 0.01

− 0.06 (− 0.09, − 0.03)

< 0.01

6.94 (− 9.86, 23.73)

0.42

2.46 (1.83, 3.09)

< 0.01

BMI, kg/m², N (%)

 ≤ 18.5

99 (4.80%)

Reference

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 > 18.5, ≤ 23.9

1255 (60.83%)

0.05 (− 0.20, 0.29)

0.71

0.49 (0.28 0.70)

< 0.01

− 0.19 (− 0.27, − 0.11)

< 0.01

0.24 (0.05, 0.43)

0.02

− 0.07 (− 0.14, − 0.005)

0.04

− 9.66(− 50.01, 30.69)

0.64

− 1.29 (− 2.84, 0.26)

0.10

 > 23.9, ≤ 28

556 (26.95%)

0.09 (− 0.16, 0.34)

0.49

0.65 (0.43, 0.87)

< 0.01

− 0.24 (− 0.32, − 0.15)

< 0.01

0.33 (0.13, 0.53)

< 0.01

− 0.05 (− 0.12, 0.02)

0.13

− 17.50 (− 59.46, 24.45)

0.41

− 1.64 (− 3.24, − 0.03)

0.05

 > 28, ≤= 35

147 (7.13%)

0.12 (− 0.17, 0.42)

0.42

0.70 (0.45, 0.96)

< 0.01

− 0.26 (− 0.36, − 0.16)

< 0.01

0.41 (0.17, 0.62)

< 0.01

− 0.06 (− 0.14, 0.02)

0.16

− 13.93 (− 63.14, 35.29)

0.58

− 0.48 (− 2.37, 1.41)

0.62

 > 35

6

(0.29%)

− 0.34 (− 1.34, 0.67)

0.51

0.29 (− 0.58, 1.16)

0.52

− 0.18 (− 0.51, 0.16)

0.30

− 0.15 (− 0.94, 0.64)

0.71

0.04 (− 0.24, 0.31)

0.79

− 16.65 (− 184.09, 150.79)

0.85

− 3.32 (− 9.74,3.10)

0.31

Season of blood collection, N (%)

 Spring (March, April and May)

503 (24.38%)

Reference

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 Summer (June, July and August)

509 (24.67%)

− 0.02 (− 0.16, 0.12)

0.74

0.13 (0.003, 0.24)

0.04

− 0.05 (− 0.10, − 0.003)

0.04

− 0.09(− 0.20,0.02)

0.11

− 0.04 (− 0.08, − 0.004)

0.03

− 12.47(− 35.58, 10.64)

0.29

2.37 (1.49, 3.25)

 < 0.01

 Autumn (September, October and November)

608 (29.47%)

0.05 (− 0.09 0.19)

0.47

0.03 (− 0.09, 0.15)

0.66

− 0.03 (− 0.07, 0.02)

0.20

− 0.04(− 0.15,0.07)

0.46

0.07 (0.04, 0.11)

< 0.01

7.19 (− 15.31, 29.69)

0.53

1.38 (0.53, 2.24)

 < 0.01

 Winter (December, January and February)

443 (21.47%)

0.01 (− 0.14, 0.15)

0.93

− 0.07 (− 0.20, 0.06)

0.31

0.04 (− 0.01, 0.09)

0.09

− 0.15(− 0.27, − 0.04)

< 0.01

0.08 (0.04, 0.12)

< 0.01

13.98(− 10.59,38.55)

0.26

0.53 (− 0.41, 1.46)

0.27

 Ca, mmol/L

2.26 ± 0.17

1.01 (0.72, 1.30)

< 0.01

0.37 (0.11, 0.63)

< 0.01

0.22 (0.12, 0.32)

0.01

0.66 (0.43, 0.89)

< 0.01

0.36 (0.28, 0.44)

< 0.01

− 10.42(− 59.30,38.46)

0.68

− 3.27 (− 5.15, − 1.39)

< 0.01

Hypertension, N (%)

 No

1420 (68.83%)

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 Yes

643 (31.17%)

− 0.28 (− 0.38, − 0.18)

< 0.01

0.05 (− 0.04, 0.14)

0.27

− 0.09 (− 0.12, − 0.05)

< 0.01

− 0.16 (− 0.24, − 0.08)

< 0.01

− 0.05 (− 0.08, − 0.02)

< 0.01

− 5.77 (− 22.94, 11.40)

0.51

− 0.31 (− 0.96, 0.35)

0.36

Diabetes, N (%)

 No

1772 (85.89%)

Reference

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 Yes

291 (14.11%)

− 0.39 (− 0.52, − 0.26)

< 0.01

0.09 (− 0.02, 0.21)

0.10

− 0.10 (− 0.15, − 0.06)

< 0.01

− 0.26(− 0.36, − 0.15)

< 0.01

− 0.05 (− 0.08, − 0.01)

0.01

2.40 (− 19.50, 24.31)

0.83

− 1.32 (− 2.16, − 0.49)

< 0.01

Year of blood collection, N (%)

 2015

21 (1.02%)

Reference

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 2016

32

(1.55%)

− 0.32 (− 0.88, 0.25)

0.27

− 0.27 (− 0.77, 0.22)

0.28

0.14 (− 0.04, 0.38)

0.13

− 0.32(− 0.76,0.12)

0.15

0.06(− 0.10, 0.21)

0.46

− 30.87(− 123.09,61.35)

0.51

− 0.90 (− 4.24, 2.44)

0.60

 2017

48

(2.33%)

− 0.26 (− 0.78, 0.27)

0.34

− 0.16 (− 0.62, 0.29)

0.49

0.29 (0.12, 0.46)

< 0.01

− 0.20(− 0.61,0.21)

0.34

0.19 (0.05, 0.34)

< 0.01

− 7.30(− 93.42, 78.82)

0.87

0.37 (− 2.75, 3.49)

0.82

 2018

128 (6.21%)

− 0.11 (− 0.58, 0.36)

0.65

− 0.20 (− 0.62, 0.21)

0.34

0.22 (0.06, 0.38)

< 0.01

− 0.15 (− 0.52,0.22)

0.43

0.25 (0.12, 0.37)

< 0.01

3.47 (− 74.05, 80.99)

0.93

1.09 (− 1.72, 3.90)

0.45

 2019

458 (22.20%)

− 0.09 (− 0.54, 0.36)

0.70

− 0.18 (− 0.57, 0.22)

0.39

0.26 (0.11, 0.40)

< 0.01

− 0.13(− 0.48,0.23)

0.48

0.19 (0.07, 0.32)

< 0.01

19.96(− 54.06,93.99)

0.60

2.16 (− 0.52, 4.85)

0.11

 2020

578 (28.02%)

− 0.15 (− 0.59, 0.30)

0.52

− 0.23 (− 0.62, 0.16)

0.25

0.28 (0.13, 0.43)

< 0.01

− 0.08 (− 0.43,0.28)

0.68

0.25 (0.13, 0.37)

< 0.01

− 19.75 (− 93.22,53.72)

0.60

3.71 (1.05, 6.37)

 < 0.01

 2021

705 (34.17%)

− 0.13 (− 0.58, 0.32)

0.57

− 0.21 (− 0.61, 0.18)

0.29

0.20 (0.05, 0.35)

 < 0.01

− 0.22 (− 0.57,0.13)

0.23

0.21 (0.09, 0.33)

 < 0.01

− 53.14(− 126.46,20.17)

0.16

− 1.83 (− 4.48, 0.83)

0.18

 2022

93 (4.51%)

− 0.26 (− 0.77, 0.24)

0.30

− 0.31 (− 0.75, 0.14)

0.17

0.21 (0.05, 0.38)

0.01

− 0.23 (− 0.63,0.17)

0.26

0.10 (− 0.04, 0.24)

0.16

5.09 (− 78.11, 88.28)

0.90

− 2.20 (− 5.21, 0.82)

0.15

Main diagnosis, N (%)

 OP without fractures

1391 (67.43%)

Reference

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 OPF

672 (32.57%)

− 0.14 (− 0.25, − 0.03)

0.02

− 0.08 (− 0.18, 0.02)

0.09

− 0.05 (− 0.09, − 0.02)

< 0.01

− 0.05 (− 0.13,0.04)

0.32

− 0.07 (− 0.10, − 0.04)

< 0.01

20.94 (2.18, 39.69)

0.03

1.03 (0.31, 1.75)

< 0.01

 β-CTX, ng/mL

0.42 ± 0.30

− 0.18 (− 0.35, − 0.01)

0.04

− 0.13 (− 0.27, 0.02)

0.10

− 0.13 (− 0.19, − 0.07)

< 0.01

− 0.06 (− 0.19,0.08)

0.42

− 0.14 (− 0.19, − 0.09)

< 0.01

33.14 (5.02, 61.25)

0.02

1.65 (0.57, 2.74)

 < 0.01

 P1NP, ug/L

50.44 ± 34.64

− 0.003 (− 0.004, − 0.001)

< 0.01

− 0.000 (− 0.002, 0.001)

0.54

− 0.001 (− 0.002, − 0.001)

< 0.01

− 0.001(− 0.002, − 0.000) 0.03

− 0.001 (− 0.002, − 0.001)

< 0.01

0.13 (− 0.10, 0.35)

0.27

0.02 (0.01, 0.03)

 < 0.01