Table 4 Subgroup analysis of effects of exercise mode, exercise cycle, exercise frequency, and single exercise time on ODI measurements of perceived LBP
Subgroup type | Literature comparison group(n) | WMD (95%CI) | p | Heterogeneity test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I2 | p-value | ||||
Exercise mode | |||||
Strength exercise | 5 | − 8.21 (− 13.98, − 2.43) | 0.005 | 97.7% | 0 |
Aerobic exercise | 3 | − 13.85 (− 31.2, 3.51) | 0.118 | 98.7% | 0 |
Stretching exercise | 3 | − 0.3 (− 9.53, 8.93) | 0.949 | - | - |
Exercise cycle | |||||
 < 12 weeks | 3 | − 10.1 (− 23.0, 2.8) | 0.125 | 98.8% | 0 |
 ≥ 12 weeks | 6 | − 8.88 (− 17.86, 0.1) | 1.94 | 97.9% | 0 |
Exercise frequency | |||||
1–2 times/week | 2 | − 6.87 (− 15.6, 1.85) | 0.123 | 91.8% | 0 |
 ≥ 3times | 7 | − 9.96 (− 18.15, − 1.77) | 0.037 | 98.2% | 0 |
Single exercise time | |||||
 < 60 min | 4 | − 16.4 (− 38.84, 6.03) | 0.152 | 99.5% | 0 |
 ≥ 60 min | 5 | − 10.49 (− 20.91, − 0.07) | 0.048 | 98.3% | 0 |