Table 3 Subgroup analysis of effects of exercise mode, exercise cycle, exercise frequency, and single exercise time on VAS measurements of perceived LBP
Subgroup type | Literature comparison group (n) | WMD (95%CI) | P | Heterogeneity Test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I2 | p-value | ||||
Exercise mode | |||||
Comprehensive exercise | 2 | − 0.7 (− 2.17, 0.76) | 0.348 | 90.9% | 0.001 |
Strength exercise | 3 | − 1.38 (− 1.81, − 0.94) | 0 | 0 | 0.545 |
Mind–body exercise | 3 | − 0.7 (− 1.14, − 0.26) | 0.002 | 0 | 0.58 |
Aerobic exercise | 4 | − 3.59 (− 6.98, − 0.15) | 0.041 | 97.3% | 0 |
Exercise cycle | |||||
 < 12 weeks | 5 | − 1.55 (− 2.99, − 0.1) | 0.036 | 93.0% | 0 |
 ≥ 12 weeks | 7 | − 1.95 (− 3.09, − 0.81) | 0.001 | 93.8% | 0 |
Exercise frequency | |||||
1–2 times/week | 3 | − 0.71 (− 1.41, − 0.01) | 0.046 | 35.7% | 0.211 |
 ≥ 3 times | 9 | − 1.97 (− 3, − 0.93) | 0 | 94.5% | 0 |
Single exercise time | |||||
 < 60 min | 7 | − 2.06 (− 3.5, − 0.62) | 0.005 | 96% | 0 |
 ≥ 60 min | 5 | − 1.21 (− 1.65, − 0.76) | 0 | 31.7% | 0.21 |