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Table 3 Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models in patients with osteosarcoma predicting overall survival

From: Survival benefits and challenges of adjuvant chemotherapy for high-grade osteosarcoma: a population-based study

 

Univariable

Multivariable

HR

95% CI

p

HR

95% CI

p

Age

 0–10 year

Reference

   

Reference

   

 11–20 year

1.29

1.02

1.62

0.034

1.193

0.945

1.506

0.139

 21–40 year

1.6

1.24

2.06

 < 0.001

1.534

1.183

1.989

0.001

 41–60 year

3.11

2.43

3.98

 < 0.001

2.517

1.941

3.263

 < 0.001

  > 60 year

5.92

4.6

7.62

 < 0.001

3.897

2.951

5.146

 < 0.001

Sex

 Male

Reference

   

Reference

   

 Female

0.82

0.73

0.93

0.001

0.805

0.712

0.91

0.001

Race

 White

Reference

       

 Black

1.04

0.88

1.22

0.644

    

 Other

0.89

0.72

1.09

0.246

    

Marital

 Married

Reference

       

 Single

2.08

1.83

2.37

 < 0.001

    

 Divorced, Separated, Widowed, Unmarried or Domestic Partner or unknown

2.67

2.19

3.26

 < 0.001

    

Mean family income

  > $74,999

Reference

       

 $60,000–$74,999

0.92

0.79

1.06

0.232

    

  < $60,000

0.87

0.74

1.01

0.074

    

Rural or urban

 Counties in metropolitan areas ge 1 million pop

Reference

       

 Other

0.98

0.87

1.11

0.751

    

Primary site

 Limbs

Reference

   

Reference

   

 Pelvic bones, sacrum, coccyx and associated joints

3.37

2.82

4.02

 < 0.001

1.948

1.6

2.373

 < 0.001

 Bones of skull and face and associated joints/Mandible

1.7

1.4

2.05

 < 0.001

1.509

1.21

1.881

 < 0.001

 Vertebral column/Rib, sternum, clavicle and associated joints

3.01

2.38

3.8

 < 0.001

2.202

1.704

2.845

 < 0.001

 Unknown

4.96

2.8

8.78

 < 0.001

2.751

1.53

4.947

0.001

Laterality

 Left

Reference

       

 Right

0.98

0.86

1.11

0.712

    

 Not a paired site or unknown

2.03

1.71

2.4

 < 0.001

    

T

 T1

    

Reference

   

 T2

1.23

1.05

1.44

0.012

0.959

0.764

1.205

0.72

 T3

2.66

1.92

3.7

 < 0.001

1.696

1.185

2.429

0.004

 TX

1.4

1.2

3.7

 < 0.001

0.801

0.468

1.37

0.418

N

 N0

Reference

   

Reference

   

 N1

3.74

2.66

5.25

 < 0.001

1.76

1.225

2.53

0.002

 NX

1.14

1

1.29

0.044

0.993

0.734

1.344

0.963

M

 M0

Reference

   

Reference

   

 M1

2.98

2.56

3.47

 < 0.001

2.719

2.288

3.231

 < 0.001

 MX

1.29

1.12

1.48

 < 0.001

1.051

0.739

1.494

0.783

Surgery

 No

Reference

   

Reference

   

 Yes

0.29

0.25

0.34

 < 0.001

0.498

0.423

0.587

 < 0.001

Radiation

 No

Reference

   

Reference

   

 Yes

2.68

2.28

3.15

 < 0.001

1.235

1.026

1.486

0.026

Chemotherapy

 No

Reference

   

Reference

   

 Yes

0.42

0.36

0.49

 < 0.001

0.815

0.685

0.969

0.02

Tumor size

  < 60 mm

Reference

   

Reference

   

 60–120 mm

1.23

1.01

1.5

0.042

1.572

1.231

2.008

 < 0.001

  > 120 mm

1.57

1.26

1.94

 < 0.001

1.982

1.456

2.698

 < 0.001

 Unknown

1.49

1.23

1.81

 < 0.001

2.315

1.348

3.975

0.002

Total number of tumors

 Single

Reference

       

 Multiple

1.9

1.65

2.19

 < 0.001

    
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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

ISSN: 1749-799X