Table 1 Patient basic information

Gender (male:female)

30:21

26:22

Age (y)

57.32 ± 7.10

57.65 ± 7.89

Levels

 L3/4

7

7

 L4/5

11

10

 L5/S1

14

12

 L3–L5

8

9

 L4–S1

9

9

 L2–L5

2

1

Disease duration

15.88 ± 4.14

16.10 ± 4.09

Clinical diagnosis

 Lumbar disc herniation

14

11

 Lumbar spondylolisthesis

12

11

 Lumbar spinal stenosis

25

26