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Fig. 2 | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

Fig. 2

From: l-carnitine alleviates synovitis in knee osteoarthritis by regulating lipid accumulation and mitochondrial function through the AMPK-ACC-CPT1 signaling pathway

Fig. 2

l-carnitine induced CPT1 upregulation mediated by AMPK in an LPS-stimulated FLS model. a The chemical structural formula of l-carnitine. b Immunostaining shows that CPT1A is located in the mitochondrion (× 630 magnification). c, d The silencing effect of the AMPK siRNA was confirmed by immunoblot and real-time PCR analyses. e, f Immunoblot analysis showing the effects of l-carnitine (2.5 mM) or AMPK siRNA (100 nM) on CPT1 in primary FLS exposed LPS. g The l-carnitine group showed a significant upregulation of CPT1 activity compared with the LPS group. h PCR data showing the mRNA levels of CPT1 in FLS treated with 2.5 mM l-carnitine for 24 h compared to LPS-treated cells. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001

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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

ISSN: 1749-799X