Table 1 The detailed parameters of the included studies
Study No | Author | Year | cases | Mean age (years) | Female/Male | Follow-up (months) | Study design | Level | Method to predict ONFH after FNF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Radiographic imaging | |||||||||
1 | Jian Xiao et al. | 2012 | 9 | 44.6 | 6/3 | NR | Prospective | IV | Superselective angiography |
2 | Yang Liu et al. | 2013 | 45 | 45.4 | 19/26 | 6–60 | Prospective | IV | Superselective angiography |
3 | J. W. Kim et al. | 2007 | 83 | 67.0 | 62/21 | NR | Retrospective | IV | Bone scintigraphy |
4 | Ashishkumar K et al. | 2018 | 22 | 11.2 | 7/13 | NR | Retrospective | IV | Bone scintigraphy |
5 | Jan Juréus et al. | 2016 | 8 | 11.5 | 4/4 |  > 12 | Retrospective | IV | Bone scintigraphy |
6 | Ji Wan Kim et al. | 2017 | 44 | 66.9 | 33/11 | 24–73 | Retrospective cohort | IV | Bone SPECT |
7 | B. Iqbal et al. | 2022 | 279 | NR | NR | NR | Meta-analysis | I | Bone SPECT/CT |
8 | Sung Jun Park et al. | 2019 | 97 | 75.4 | NR | 12–56 | Retrospective | IV | Bone SPECT/CT |
9 | Jae Youn Yoon et al. | 2020 | 30 | 64.3 | 19/11 | 24–106.8 | Prospective cohort | III | Bone SPECT/CT |
10 | Sangwon Han et al. | 2017 | 53 | 59.1 | 39/14 | 12 | Retrospective | IV | Bone SPECT/CT |
11 | Yeon-Hee Han et al. | 2019 | 131 | 78.0 | 82/49 | NR | Retrospective | IV | Bone SPECT/CT |
12 | Yoo Sung Song et al. | 2022 | 21 | 11.0 | 10/11 |  > 12 | Retrospective | IV | Bone SPECT/CT |
13 | Heng-feng Yuan et al. | 2015 | 114 | 58.6 | 61/53 | 24 | Prospective | III | Bone SPECT/CT |
14 | Jong Ho Noh et al. | 2020 | 72 | 54.01 | 50/22 | 6–187 | Retrospective | IV | Bone SPECT/CT |
15 | Abhishek Kaushik et al. | 2010 | 31 | 47 | 15/15 | NR | Prospective | III | Dynamic enhanced MRI |
16 | Masatoshi Morimoto et al. | 2017 | 64 | 78 | 54/14 |  > 24 | Prospective | III | Dynamic enhanced MRI |
17 | Philipp Lang et al. | 1993 | 20 | NR | NR |  > 12 | Prospective | IV | Dynamic enhanced MRI |
18 | T. Schneider et al. | 2003 | 30 | NR | NR | NR | Prospective | IV | Dynamic enhanced MRI |
19 | Abhishek Kaushik et al. | 2009 | 31 | 48 | NR |  > 6 | Prospective | III | Dynamic enhanced MRI |
20 | Scott N. Nadel et al. | 1992 | 5 | NR | NR | NR | Prospective | IV | Dynamic enhanced MRI |
21 | Dewei Zhao et al. | 2017 | 27 | NR | NR | NR | Prospective | IV | Micro-CT |
22 | Xing Qiu et al. | 2016 | 14 | 37.2 | 1/13 | NR | NR | IV | Micro-CT |
23 | Xing Qiu et al. | 2018 | 12 | 69.5 | 10/2 | NR | Prospective | IV | Micro-CT |
Artificial intelligence | |||||||||
24 | Huan Wang et al. | 2021 | 259 | 57 | 135/124 | 30 | Retrospective | IV | Prediction model |
25 | Wanbo Zhu et al. | 2020 | 238 |  > 46.4 | 106/132 |  > 60 | Retrospective | IV | Prediction model |
26 | Shuangshuang Cui et al. | 2018 | 120 | 55 | 71/49 | 16–83 | Ambispective cohort | III | Prediction model |
27 | Jiaqi Zheng et al. | 2021 | 378 | 56 | 219/159 |  > 36 | Retrospective | IV | Prediction model |
Intraoperative methods | |||||||||
28 | Gill Thomas J et al. | 1998 | 64 | 81 | 34/30 | 38.4 | Prospective | III | Femoral head drilling |
29 | Jozsef Nyarady et al. | 2012 | 9 | NR | NR | 29 | Prospective | IV | Osteoscopy |
30 | Yoshinobu Watanabe et al. | 2007 | 18 | 76.5 | 13/4 | 19 | Prospective | III | Intramedullary oxygen tension |
31 | M F Swiontkowski et al. | 1987 | 5 | NR | NR | 12 | Prospective | IV | Doppler-laser flowmetry |
32 | K Sugamoto et al. | 1998 | 28 | NR | NR | NR | Prospective | IV | Doppler-laser flowmetry |
33 | H P Nötzli et al. | 2002 | 32 | NR | NR | NR | Prospective | IV | Doppler-laser flowmetry |
34 | Myung-Rae Cho et al. | 2007 | 54 | 51 | 31/23 | 25–57 | Retrospective | IV | Bleeding from the holes of proximal cannulated screws |
35 | Tim Schrader et al. | 2016 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | V | Intraosseous pressure |
36 | Jeffrey Donahue et al. | 2021 | 20 | 56 | 11/8 | 12 | Prospective | II | Intraosseous pressure |