Modic changes as seen on MRI are associated with nonspecific chronic lower back pain and disability

Table 1 2 × 2 tables for the studies used to calculate Odds Ratios and diagnostic test parameters: Discography provoked Pain as ‘disease’ and Modic changes as Index test

Study		Pain	No pain		Pain	no pain		Pain	No pain
Braithwaite [58]	MC1	5	0	MC2	16	2	MC3	3	0
Braithwaite [58]	MC0	69	60	MC0	69	60	MC0	69	60
Thompson [53]	MC1	126	29	MC2	81	45	MC3	12	9
Thompson [53]	MC0	641	1504	MC0	641	1504	MC0	641	1504
O’Neill [52]	MC1	15	2	MC2	18	2		–	–
O’Neill [52]	MC0	206	217	MC0	206	217		–	–
Weishaupt [51]	MC1	14	2	MC2	9	1		–	–
Weishaupt [51]	MC0	25	65	MC0	25	65		–	–
Kokkonen [59]	MC1	7	10	MC2	7	9	MC3	1	1
Kokkonen [59]	MC0	22	35	MC0	22	35	MC0	22	35

Note Pain and No Pain refer to positive and negative provocation discography, the reference standard. MC0 = no Modic Changes, MC1 = Type 1 Modic Changes, MC2 = Type 2 Modic Changes, MC3 = Type 3 Modic Changes. These are the index tests. Thompson et al. included 11.8% of subjects with current herniation

ISSN: 1749-799X