Table 2 Patient demographics and clinical characteristics
All (n = 95) | Cervical (n = 48) | Lumbar (n = 47) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years, Mean ± SD) | 56.2 ± 9.4 | 54.6 ± 9.1 | 57.8 ± 9.5 |
Gender | |||
Male | 48 (50.5%) | 25 (52.1%) | 23 (48.9%) |
Female | 47 (49.5%) | 23 (47.9%) | 24 (51.1%) |
Race | |||
White | 60 (63.2%) | 25 (52.1%) | 35 (74.5%) |
Hispanic | 25 (26.3%) | 15 (31.3%) | 10 (21.3%) |
Black or African American | 6 (6.3%) | 4 (8.3%) | 2 (4.3%) |
Other | 4 (4.2%) | 4 (8.3%) | 0 (0.0%) |
BMI (Mean ± SD) | 28.8 ± 5.5 | 27.9 ± 5.7 | 29.8 ± 5.2 |
BMI-category | |||
Normal (18.5–< 25.0) | 21 (22.1%) | 15 (31.3%) | 6 (12.8%) |
Overweight (25.0–< 30.0) | 42 (44.2%) | 17 (35.4%) | 25 (53.2%) |
Obese (30.0–< 40.0) | 30 (31.6%) | 16 (33.3%) | 14 (29.8%) |
Morbidly obese (40.0 +) | 2 (2.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (4.3%) |
Smoking | |||
Never | 71 (74.7%) | 34 (70.8%) | 37 (78.7%) |
Former | 17 (17.9%) | 8 (16.7%) | 9 (19.1%) |
Current | 7 (7.4%) | 6 (12.5%) | 1 (2.1%) |
Relevant medical history | |||
# per patient, (Mean ± SD) | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 1.0 |
None | 37 (38.9%) | 18 (37.5%) | 19 (40.4%) |
Diabetes, Type 2 | 9 (9.5%) | 9 (18.8%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Diabetes-unknown type | 4 (4.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (8.5%) |
Hypothyroidism/thyroid problems/issues | 13 (13.7%) | 6 (12.5%) | 7 (14.9%) |
AFIB | 3 (3.2%) | 1 (2.1%) | 2 (4.3%) |
CAD | 2 (2.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (4.3%) |
History of Cancer | 7 (7.4%) | 5 (10.4%) | 2 (4.3%) |
Hypertension | 21 (22.1%) | 10 (20.8%) | 11 (23.4%) |