Table 1 Characteristics of the studies in meta-analysis for the diagnosis of PJI applying sonication
Study (reference) | Publication year | Country | Study design | Inclusion interval | Number (joints) | NO. of non-PJI/PJI | Gender (M/F) | Median age (non-PJI/PJI) | Sample processing time (after prosthesis removal) | Sample site(s) | Antibiotic use before revision |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hoekstra et al | 2020 | Netherlands | R | 2011–2016 | 226 | 139/87 | 105/121 | 69/70 | Within 4 h | H, K | No |
Randau et al | 2020 | Germany | R | 2018 (1–3,10–12) | 40 | 17/23 | NA | NA | NA | H, K | No |
Torrens et al | 2020 | Spain | R | 2000.10–2016.4 | 99 | 68/31 | 11/51 | 63/67 | Immediately | S | NA |
Banousi et al | 2020 | Greece | P | 2014.5–2019.6 | 234 | 143/91 | 111/123 | 60.6/67.7 | Within 6 h | H, K, S, E | Yes |
Akgun et al | 2019 | Germany | R | 2014.7–2018.12 | 72 | 44/28 | 33/39 | 69.9/69.6 | Within 1 h | S | No |
Bellova et al | 2019 | Germany | R | 2017.3–2018.4 | 257 | 112/145 | 84/173 | 69.5/70 | NA | H, K, S | Yes |
Ueda et al | 2019 | Japan | P | 2014.1–2016.1 | 67 | 50/17 | 20/46 | 67/62 | Within 48 h | H, K, E, A | Yes |
Karbysheva et al | 2019 | Germany | P | NA | 331 | 252/79 | NA | NA | NA | H, K | NA |
Di et al | 2019 | Italy | R | 2016.12–2019.1 | 50 | 37/13 | 18/32 | 76/76 | NA | H, K | NA |
Tani et al | 2018 | Greece | P | 2012.7–2016.7 | 114 | 53/61 | 29/85 | 70/70 | Within 6 h | H, K | No |
Sebastian et al | 2018 | India | P | 2016.7–2017.6 | 40 | 13/27 | 22/18 | 55.9/55.8 | Within 2 h | H, K | Yes |
Yan et al | 2018 | China | P | 2016.3–2017.9 | 229 | 125/104 | 127/102 | 67/66.5 | NA | H, K, S, E | Yes |
Grosso et al | 2018 | USA | P | 2010.8–2013.4 | 53 | 28/25 | 28/25 | 62/62 | Immediately | S | No |
Sambri et al | 2018 | Italy | P | 2014.4–2016.7 | 117 | 73/44 | 48/70 | 69/69 | Immediately | H, K | No |
Prieto et al | 2018 | Spain | R | 2011.1–2014.6 | 276 | 95/181 | 75/125 | 70.9/70.9 | Within 24 h | H, K, S | Yes |
Huang et al | 2018 | China | R | 2014.4–2017.4 | 67 | 14/53 | 26/41 | 62.5/62.5 | Within 30 min | H, K | No |
Stylianakis et al | 2018 | Greece | P | 2011.9–2015.4 | 114 | 87/27 | 32/82 | 72.4/70.6 | Immediately | H, K | No |
Rothenberg et al | 2017 | USA | R | 2012.10–2016.5 | 503 | 325/178 | 245/258 | 65.6/64 | NA | H, K | Yes |
Renz et al | 2017 | Germany | P | 2014.12–2015.10 | 111 | 33/78 | 50/61 | 69/75 | Within 6 h | H, K, S, E | No |
VAN et al | 2017 | Netherlands | R | 2011.3–2012.11 | 252 | 177/75 | 81/152 | 67/64 | Within 6 h | H, K | No |
Prieto et al | 2017 | Spain | P | 2014.5–2015.5 | 88 | 50/38 | NA | NA | Within 24–48 h | H, K, S | Yes |
Fernandez et al | 2017 | Spain | P | 2009.2–2014.2 | 498 | 368/130 | 66/64 | NA/64.8 | NA | H, K | No |
Fernandez et al | 2015 | Spain | P | 2009.2–2011.9 | 198 | 174/24 | 86/112 | 69.5/68.2 | NA | H, K | Yes |
Bogut et al | 2014 | Poland | R | NA | 76 | 54/22 | NA | 72.3/67.5 | Within 2Â h | H | Yes |
Ryu et al | 2014 | USA | R | 1998.5–2012.7 | 45 | 15/30 | 30/15 | 66/68.5 | Within 6 h | K | NA |
Dapunt et al | 2014 | Germany | NA | NA | 77 | 52/25 | NA | NA | NA | H, K, S | NA |
Portillo et al | 2014 | Spain | P | 2010.7–2013.7 | 231 | 162/69 | 88/143 | 76/74 | NA | H, K, S, E | Yes |
Drago et al | 2013 | Italy | NA | NA | 76 | 34/42 | 30/46 | 68/71 | NA | NA | NA |
Cazanave et al | 2013 | USA | R | 2006.4–2011.5 | 434 | 290/144 | 207/227 | 68/66 | Within 6 h | H, K | Yes |
Janz et al | 2013 | Germany | P | 2010.10–2011.12 | 102 | 65/37 | NA | NA | Within 6 h | H | No |
Janz et al | 2013 | Germany | P | 2010.10–2011.3 | 59 | 36/23 | 26/33 | 67/67 | Within 6 h | H, K | No |
Portillo et al | 2012 | Spain | R | 2010.7–2012.4 | 135 | 100/35 | 51/84 | 73/73 | NA | H, K, S, E | Yes |
Gomez et al | 2012 | USA | R | 2006.4–2011.5 | 366 | 231/135 | 183/183 | 66/66 | NA | H, K | Yes |
Portillo et al | 2012 | Spain | P | 2010.7–2011.7 | 86 | 62/24 | 32/54 | 73/73 | NA | H, K, S, E | Yes |
Vergidis et al | 2011 | USA | R | 2007.7–2010.7 | 36 | 27/9 | 7/29 | 60/61 | Within 6 h | E | Yes |
Piper et al | 2009 | USA | R | 2004.8–2008.11 | 134 | 101/33 | 59/75 | 67/60 | Within 6 h | S | Yes |
Trampuz et al | 2007 | USA | P | 2003.8–2005.12 | 331 | 252/79 | 157/174 | 70/68 | Within 6 h | H, K | Yes |
Trampuz et al | 2006 | USA | P | 1998.7–2003.8 | 78 | 54/24 | 42/36 | 71.5/71 | Within 4 h | H, K | Yes |