Table 1 Baseline patient data

Sex

Female

57

34.0

Male

115

66.0

Age, median (range) (years)

66 (57–74)

ASA

ASA_1-2

35

20.4

ASA_3-4

137

79.6

Single-level PSD

114

66.3

Multi-level PSD

58

33.7

Distant

11

19.0

Adjacent

47

81.0

Location

Cervical

13

7.6

Thoracic

31

18.0

Lumbar

93

54.0

Cervicothoracic junction

4

2.3

Thoracolumbar junction

14

8.1

Lumbo-sacral junction

17

10.0

CCI, median (range)

6.5 (3–9)

Early complications

11

6.4

Surgery-related

5

Adverse events

6

Material failure

3

1.7

At 3 months

1

At 12 months

2

Loss to follow-up at 12 month examination

50

29.0