Table 1 The characteristics of included studies
Author | Country | Age (mean, years) | Gender (male/female) | Sample size | Follow-up (mean, month) | Materials | GA classification | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IMN/EF | IMN | EF | IMN/EF | IMN/EF | IMN | EF | |||
Holbrook [23] | USA | 28/25 | NA | NA | 29/28 | 16.8/18.5 | Ender | half-pin | I, II, III |
Tornetta [24] | USA | 41/37 | 11/4 | 9/5 | 15/14 | 21b | Gross-Kempf, Alta and AO | Hoffman and Ace | IIIB |
Tu [25] | Taiwan | 38.5a | 30/6c | 18/18 | 20.5b | Russell-Taylor and AO | Hoffmann | IIIA, IIIB | |
Henley [26] | USA | 33/33 | 79/21 | 53/15 | 104/70 | 15.7/17.6 | NA | half-pin | II, IIIA, IIIB |
Inan [6] | Turkey | 31.7/32.3 | 24/5 | 28/4 | 29/32 | 43.3/46.5 | Russell-Taylor, Synthesnails and Orthofixnails | Ilizarov | IIIA |
Mohseni [27] | Iran | 30.8/28.92 | 20/5 | 22/3 | 25/25 | 12b | NA | AO tubular plate | IIIA, IIIB |
Garg [15] | India | 40.44/38.76 | 18/7 | 19 /6 | 25/25 | 36b | NA | Half-Pin | IIIA, IIIB |
Haonga [17] | Tanzania | 33.3/31.8 | 98/13 | 91/19 | 111/110 | 12b | SIGN | AO uniplanar Dispofix | I, II, III |
Kyengera [16] | Uganda | 39/39 | 21/10 | 16/8 | 31/24 | 12/4.5 | NA | NA | II, IIIA |