Table 3 Subgroup analysis for percentages of participants who chose the top barriers for females in orthopaedic surgery
Barriers for women in orthopaedic surgery (n = total times chosen) | Female N (%)* | Male N (%)* | P-value | Yes N (%)* | No N (%)* | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender discrimination (n = 240) | 142 (59) | 98 (41) | 0.001 | 114 (48) | 126 (52) | 0.964 |
I do not believe there are barriers (n = 102) | 55 (54) | 47 (46) | 0.275 | 40 (39) | 62 (61) | 0.061 |
On-call duties and covering trauma and emergency (n = 152) | 47 (31) | 105 (69) | 0.001 | 81 (53) | 71 (47) | 0.101 |
Stress and burnout (n = 106) | 28 (26) | 78 (74) | 0.001 | 43 (41) | 63 (59) | 0.107 |
The family and social commitments (n = 233) | 96 (41) | 137 (59) | 0.002 | 110 (47) | 123 (53) | 0.873 |
The long working hours and heavy workload (n = 170) | 58 (34) | 112 (66) | 0.001 | 86 (51) | 84 (49) | 0.353 |
The patient’s preference of male orthopaedic surgeon (n = 251) | 127 (51) | 124 (49) | 0.504 | 132 (53) | 119 (47) | 0.034 |
The physical strength and body build (n = 264) | 101 (38) | 163 (62) | 0.001 | 143 (54) | 121 (46) | 0.003 |
The radiation exposure in orthopaedics (n = 136) | 53 (39) | 83 (61) | 0.005 | 62 (46) | 74 (54) | 0.588 |