Low lumbar multifidus muscle status and bone mineral density are important risk factors for adjacent segment disease after lumbar fusion: a case–control study

Table 3 Relative fat infiltration (rFI) for multifidus (MF) muscle and erector spinae (ES) muscle

Level	Muscle	Patients with ASD (n = 33)	Control (n = 33)	P value
L1–2	MF	35.05 ± 8.94	31.72 ± 6.07	0.082
L1–2	ES	33.03 ± 8.12	30.98 ± 7.27	0.284
L2–3	MF	35.35 ± 6.14	32.64 ± 5.83	0.071
L2–3	ES	31.86 ± 6.36	30.56 ± 6.82	0.426
L3–4	MF	38.97 ± 6.01	32.12 ± 6.89	< 0.001*
L3–4	ES	34.83 ± 7.68	31.60 ± 6.84	0.076
L4–5	MF	41.58 ± 6.26	32.07 ± 7.13	< 0.001*
L4–5	ES	36.59 ± 8.55	32.78 ± 7.77	0.062
L5–S1	MF	38.75 ± 7.61	32.93 ± 6.51	0.001*
L5–S1	ES	38.43 ± 6.73	36.56 ± 8.38	0.720

The values are given as mean ± SD
^*Statistical significance
ASD indicates adjacent segment disease, rFI relative fat infiltration, ES erector spinae, MF multifidus
A P value of < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance

ISSN: 1749-799X