Fig. 7

Histological data were obtained for each group at three time points. Histological analysis of bone formation among the three groups: A Histological score: The sections were observed under the light microscope in accordance with Table 1 for parallel histological score. B Cortical bone thickness: the mean value of cortical bone thickness in 7 fields randomly selected at the bone cement interface of the defect was measured. C Percentage of mature area of new bone: The percentage of lamellar bone in the image was measured by ImageJ software at ×100 magnification at the interface between bone and bone cement at the defect. Statistical differences between the three groups are shown (one-way ANOVA followed by LSD test for post hoc comparisons,*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01)