Table 1 Weighted characteristics of study population based on BMI quartiles
From: Association between obesity and bone mineral density in middle-aged adults
BMI (kg/m2) | Q1 (30.0–31.8) | Q2 (31.9–34.2) | Q3 (34.3–38.4) | Q4 (38.5–65.8) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 49.31 ± 5.60 | 49.79 ± 5.95 | 49.53 ± 5.75 | 49.37 ± 5.58 | 0.4894 |
Sex (%) | 0.7802 | ||||
Men | 61.59 | 45.05 | 46.18 | 44.59 | |
Women | 57.31 | 54.84 | 53.82 | 55.41 | |
Race/ethnicity (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
Non-Hispanic white | 64.49 | 64.43 | 57.08 | 63.22 | |
Non-Hispanic black | 11.64 | 11.87 | 19.43 | 19.89 | |
Mexican American | 10.38 | 10.15 | 12.50 | 8.77 | |
Other race/ethnicity | 13.49 | 13.55 | 10.99 | 8.11 | |
Waist circumference (cm) | 104.68 ± 6.54 | 109.54 ± 7.15 | 115.13 ± 7.90 | 130.67 ± 12.06 | < 0.0001 |
Level of education (%) | 0.0044 | ||||
Less than high school | 15.96 | 15.07 | 15.35 | 12.06 | |
High school | 19.60 | 27.61 | 26.23 | 21.64 | |
More than high school | 64.43 | 57.33 | 58.42 | 66.30 | |
Income to poverty ratio | 3.18 ± 1.62 | 3.17 ± 1.61 | 3.00 ± 1.62 | 3.06 ± 1.60 | 0.2449 |
Vigorous recreational activities (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
Yes | 21.60 | 22.00 | 13.61 | 10.89 | |
No | 78.40 | 78.00 | 86.39 | 89.11 | |
Smoked at least 100 cigarettes in life (%) | 0.7802 | ||||
Yes | 42.69 | 45.05 | 46.18 | 44.59 | |
No | 57.31 | 54.95 | 53.82 | 55.41 | |
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 5.01 ± 1.64 | 4.84 ± 1.61 | 4.63 ± 1.48 | 4.87 ± 2.11 | 0.0049 |
Total protein (g/L) | 70.76 ± 3.95 | 70.88 ± 4.05 | 70.59 ± 4.57 | 70.51 ± 4.35 | 0.4786 |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.36 ± 1.10 | 5.26 ± 1.04 | 5.16 ± 1.19 | 4.92 ± 0.97 | < 0.0001 |
Phosphorus (mmol/L) | 1.17 ± 0.17 | 1.18 ± 0.18 | 1.18 ± 0.18 | 1.18 ± 0.18 | 0.7604 |
Total calcium (mmol/L) | 2.34 ± 0.08 | 2.33 ± 0.08 | 2.32 ± 0.09 | 2.31 ± 0.09 | < 0.0001 |
Serum glucose (mmol/L) | 5.93 ± 2.39 | 5.84 ± 2.36 | 6.33 ± 3.03 | 6.52 ± 2.71 | < 0.0001 |
Lumbar BMD (g/cm2) | 1.02 ± 0.16 | 1.02 ± 0.15 | 1.03 ± 0.16 | 1.08 ± 0.17 | < 0.0001 |