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Fig. 3 | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

Fig. 3

From: Three-dimensional alignment of the upper extremity in the standing neutral position in healthy subjects

Fig. 3

Bony landmarks to create coordinate system of each bone. IJ, sternal notch (incisura jugularis); PX, xiphoid process (processus xiphoideus); C7, spinal process of the 7th cervical vertebra; T8, spinal process of the 8th thoracic vertebra; AA, acromial angle (angulus acromialis); TS, root of the scapular spine (trigonum spinae scapulae); AI, inferior angle (angulus inferior); CH, center of the humeral head; LE, lateral epicondyle; ME, medial epicondyle; RS, radial styloid; US, ulnar styloid

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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

ISSN: 1749-799X