Table 2 Details of included articles
Authors | Sample size (patient number) | Surgery type | Adverse event category | Risk factors (associated with endplate) | Quality score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abbushi et al. [31] | 40 (80 cages) | PLIF | Cage subsidence | Cage position, cage shape | 14 |
Amorim-Barbosa et al. [32] | 165 (208 cages) | PLIF/TLIF | Cage subsidence | BMD, cage position | 19 |
Aoki et al. [33] | 125 (144 levels) | TLIF | Cage migration | Cage shape, size, disc height | 17 |
Beutler and Peppelman [20] | 104 (140 levels) | ALIF | Cage subsidence | Fusion level, cage position | 15 |
Cho et al. [34] | 86 | PLIF | Cage subsidence, screw loosening | Osteoporosis | 19 |
Duncan and Bailey [81] | 102 | TLIF | Cage migration | Screw fixation | 17 |
Hu et al. [25] | 953 (1559 cages) | TLIF | Cage migration | Cage position, disc height, fusion level, multi-level fusion | 19 |
Jin et al. [35] | 75 | TLIF | Cage migration | Advanced age | 16 |
Jones et al. [36] | 347 (567 levels) | LLIF | Cage subsidence | BMD | 21 |
Kim et al. [37] | 104 (122 cages) | MITLIF | Cage subsidence | Fusion level, cage position | 15 |
Kimura et al. [38] | 1070 (1433 cages) | PLIF | Cage retropulsion | Fusion level, multi-level fusion, disc height, endplate shape | 14 |
Konomi et al. [39] | 78 (88 levels) | PLIF | Non-union | Advanced age | 14 |
Le et al. [40] | 140 (238 levels) | XLIF | Cage subsidence | Cage size | 16 |
Lee et al. [41] | 744 (1229 levels) | PLIF/TLIF | Cage retropulsion | Endplate shape, loosening of fixation | 16 |
Li et al. [42] | 286 | PLIF/TLIF | Cage migration | Cage size, spondylolisthesis | 14 |
Liu et al. [43] | 215 | TLIF | Cage migration | Cage shape, screw fixation | 18 |
Marchi et al. [44] | 74 (98 levels) | LLIF | Cage subsidence | Cage size | 18 |
Mi et al. [45] | 242 | TLIF | Cage subsidence | Hounsfield units (BMD) | 16 |
Okuyama et al. [46] | 52 | PLIF | Non-union | BMD | 14 |
Pan et al. [47] | 8 | PLIF/TLIF | Cage retropulsion | Cage shape, fusion level | 13 |
Park et al. [48] | 784 (881 levels) | TLIF | Cage migration, subsidence, retropulsion | Osteoporosis, endplate shape, cage position | 20 |
Singhatanadgige et al. [49] | 114 (135 levels) | MITLIF | Cage subsidence | Cage position | 18 |
Tempel et al. [50] | 80 | LLIF | Cage subsidence | BMD | 14 |
Tohmeh et al. [51] | 140 (223 levels) | XLIF | Cage subsidence | Cage size | 21 |
Xi et al. [52] | 68 | LLIF | Cage subsidence | Hounsfield units (BMD) | 21 |
Yao et al. [53] | 96 (126 levels) | MITLIF | Cage subsidence | BMD, disc height | 20 |
Zhao et al. [54] | 512 | TLIF | Cage migration | Cage size, shape, multi-level fusion | 11 |
Zhou et al. [55] | 145 | TLIF | Cage subsidence | Irregular endplate shape | 19 |
Zhou et al. [56] | 121 (176 levels) | TLIF | Cage retropulsion | Irregular endplate shape, cage position | 19 |