Fig. 4

Kinematic data of the femur relative to the tibia. a Shows the femoral anterior–posterior translation (mm), plus indicates posterior translation, and minus indicates anterior translation. b Shows femoral internal–external rotation (°), plus indicates external rotation, and minus indicates internal rotation. c Shows the femoral inferior-superior translation (mm), plus indicates superior translation, and minus indicates inferior translation. d Shows femoral varus-valgus rotation (°), plus indicates varus rotation, and minus indicates valgus rotation. e Shows the femoral medial–lateral translation (mm), plus indicates medial translation, and minus indicates lateral translation. The horizontal axis shows the knee flexion angle. The solid line represents the flexion phase, and the dashed line represents the extension phase. Paired t-test; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01