Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Study | Year | Time frame | Level of evidencea | Quality scoreb | Country | Agec (years) | Total pts. (n) | Male | Female | Median follow-up (months) | Fixation failure rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
McLain, R. F | 1991 | 1984–1989 | 4 | 7 | USA | 49.55 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 17 | 36.36 |
Dickman, C. A | 1992 | 1987–1991 | 4 | 7 | USA | 47 | 104 | 55 | 49 | 20 | 17.31 |
Rompe, J. D | 1993 | 1987–1991 | 4 | 7 | Germany | 61 | 50 | 23 | 27 | ≥ 12 | 6.45 |
Bilsky, M. H | 2002 | 1985–1999 | 4 | 7 | USA | 54 | 42 | 28 | 14 | 35 | 4.76 |
Vrionis, F. D | 2003 | 2000–2003 | 4 | 7 | USA | 53 | 96 | 56 | 40 | NA | 3.10 |
Mazel, C | 2004 | 1994–2000 | 4 | 7 | France | 52 | 34 | 27 | 5 | 15 | 5.88 |
Villavicencio, A. T | 2005 | 1993–1999 | 4 | 6 | USA | 51 | 58 | NA | NA | NA | 3.50 |
Bilsky, M. H | 2005 | 1996–2003 | 4 | 7 | USA | 53 | 41 | 22 | 19 | NA | 7.32 |
Street, J | 2007 | NA | 4 | 6 | Canada | NA | 96 | NA | NA | NA | 1.04 |
Placantonakis, D. G | 2008 | 1996–2006 | 4 | 7 | USA | 52 | 90 | 58 | 32 | 21 | 12.00 |
Stevens, Q. E | 2009 | 2003–2006 | 4 | 7 | USA | 56.3 | 34 | 17 | 17 | 12 | 5.88 |
Matsumoto, M | 2011 | 1997–2009 | 4 | 7 | Japan | 46.5 | 15 | 12 | 3 | 41.5 | 40.00 |
Rajpal, S | 2012 | 1995–2009 | 4 | 7 | USA | 56.3 | 37 | 20 | 17 | 21 | 2.70 |
Jandial, R | 2013 | 2008–2010 | 4 | 7 | USA | 56.64 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 14 | 9.09 |
Matsumoto, M | 2013 | 1997–2009 | 4 | 7 | Japan | 55.3 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 76.8 | 37.50 |
Yoshioka, K | 2013 | 2006–2012 | 4 | 7 | Japan | 49.6 | 26 | 11 | 15 | 26.5 | 3.85 |
Bellato, R. T | 2015 | 2009–2014 | 4 | 7 | Brazil | 56.71 | 105 | 54 | 51 | 7.4 | 8.57 |
Luzzati, A. D | 2015 | 1994–2011 | 4 | 7 | Italy | 48 | 38 | 18 | 20 | 39 | 2.60 |
Mesfin, A | 2015 | 2001–2013 | 4 | 7 | USA | 50.7 | 10 | 9 | 1 | NA | 10.00 |
Sellin, J. N | 2015 | 1993–2010 | 4 | 7 | USA | 59 | 43 | 26 | 17 | NA | 4.65 |
Boriani, S | 2016 | 1990–2015 | 4 | 7 | Italy | 44.1 | 216 | 113 | 103 | 45 | 10.19 |
Glorion, M | 2016 | 1992–2004 | 4 | 7 | France | 45.9 | 88 | 60 | 28 | 49.4 | 9.09 |
Goodwin, C. R | 2016 | 2004–2014 | 4 | 6 | USA | NA | 21 | NA | NA | 51 | 38.10 |
Sciubba, D. M | 2016 | 2004–2014 | 4 | 7 | USA | 47 | 23 | 15 | 8 | 50 | 39.10 |
Pedreira, R | 2017 | 2003–2013 | 4 | 7 | USA | 60/65 | 159 | 85 | 74 | ≥ 3 | 1.90 |
Scotto, G | 2017 | 1992–2017 | 4 | 7 | Italy | NA | 518 | NA | NA | NA | 5.10 |
Shah, A. A | 2017 | 2010–2016 | 4 | 7 | USA | 58 | 33 | 20 | 13 | 18 | 25.00 |
Yoshioka, K | 2017 | 2006–2010 | 4 | 7 | Japan | 53.3 | 47 | 20 | 27 | 71.3 | 17.00 |
Shimizu, T | 2018 | 1993–2015 | 4 | 7 | Japan | 38 | 30 | 13 | 17 | 87 | 20.00 |
Sugita, S | 2018 | 1992–2008 | 4 | 6 | Japan | 63 | 191 | NA | NA | 9.9 | 27.00 |
Barzilai, O | 2019 | 2016–2017 | 4 | 8 | USA | 63.5 | 53 | 30 | 23 | 4.93 | 6.00 |
Barzilai, O | 2019 | 2010–2015 | 4 | 7 | USA | 61 | 88 | 44 | 44 | 44.6 | 12.50 |
Park, S. J | 2019 | 2002–2015 | 4 | 7 | Korea | 49 | 32 | 18 | 14 | 49.8 | 37.50 |
Li, Z. H | 2020 | 2009–2017 | 4 | 7 | China | 37.1 | 30 | 20 | 10 | 41.8 | 26.67 |
Park, S. J | 2020 | 2010–2017 | 4 | 6 | Korea | NA | 136 | NA | NA | 16.5 | 6.62 |
Shinmura, K | 2020 | 2010–2015 | 4 | 7 | Japan | NA | 61 | NA | NA | > 24 | 42.60 |
Wei, H. Y | 2020 | 2015–2018 | 4 | 7 | China | 45.5 | 15 | 7 | 8 | 31.1 | 6.67 |
Wong, Y. C | 2020 | 2007–2017 | 4 | 7 | China | 57.3 | 88 | 45 | 43 | NA | 10.20 |