Fig. 3From: The effects of lumbar fusion and non-fusion surgery on the development of Modic changesMeasuring the volume of Modic changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). a Dividing MCs in each lumbar level into several scanning layers (image 1, 2, and 3); b The area of MC in the horizontal MR images; c Schematic diagram of volume calculation for MC: V = (S1 + 2S2 + S3) *height/2Back to article page