Table 2 Gait variables: pre- and postoperative and comparison with healthy controls
From: Surgical treatment of chronic Achilles tendon rupture results in improved gait biomechanics
Preop. CATR (n = 23) | Postop. CATR (n = 23) | Pre- versus postop. CATR | Healthy controls (n = 70) | CATR postop. versus healthy controls | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean diff. ± SD (CI) | P valuea | Effect size (CI) | Mean ± SD (CI) | Mean diff. (CI) | P valueb | Effect size (CI) | |
Approved gait trials | 4.7 ± 1.1 (1 to 6) | 4.7 ± 0.8 (3 to 6) | |||||||
Spatiotemporal variables | |||||||||
Speed (m/s) | 0.93 ± 0.15 | 1.05 ± 0.14 | − 0.12 ± 0.21a (0.21 to 0.03) | 0.013 | 0.56** (− 1.00 to − 0.12) | 1.29 ± 0.14 | 0.24b (0.17 to 0.30) | < 0.001 | 1.73*** (1.19 to 2.26) |
Step width (m) | 0.12 ± 0.03 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.01 ± 0.02a (0.00 to 0.02) | 0.014 | 0.56** (0.11 to 0.99) | 0.10 ± 0.02 | − 0.02b (− 0.03 to − 0.01) | 0.002 | 0.79** (− 1.27 to − 0.30) |
Step length (m) | 1.08 ± 0.11 | 1.19 ± 0.14 | − 0.12 ± 0.16a (− 0.18 to − 0.05) | 0.002 | 0.74** (− 1.20 to − 0.27) | 1.36 ± 0.11 | 0.16b (0.10 to 0.22) | < 0.001 | 1.36*** (0.85 to 1.87) |
Stance phase (%) | 63.52 ± 2.49 | 63.36 ± 1.74 | 0.16 ± 2.05a (− 0.72 to 1.05) | 0.704 | 0.08 (− 0.33 to 0.49) | 61.21 ± 1.62 | − 2.15b (− 2.94 to − 1.36) | < 0.001 | 1.31*** (− 1.81 to − 0.80) |
Kinematics | |||||||||
Peak ankle dorsal flexion (degrees) | 16.08 ± 3.54 | 13.9 ± 3.82 | 2.11 ± 5.09a (− 0.08 to 4.31) | 0.059 | 0.42 (− 0.02 to 0.84) | 14.11 ± 5.44 | 0.15b (− 2.29 to 2.57) | 0.905 | 0.03 (− 0.42 to 0.50) |
Peak foot progression (degrees) | − 16.09 ± 10.48 | − 13.82 ± 7.73 | − 2.27 ± 5.49a (–4.65 to 0.10) | 0.060 | 0.41 (− 0.84 to 0.02) | − 13.64 ± 6.63 | 0.17b (− 3.13 to 3.47) | 0.917 | 0.03 (− 0.45 to 0.50) |
Peak knee flexion (degrees) | 38.35 ± 8.98 | 40.25 ± 5.74 | − 1.90 ± 8.28a (− 5.48 to 1.68) | 0.283 | 0.23 (− 0.64 to 0.19) | 57.28 ± 4.41 | 17.03b (14.75 to 19.31) | < 0.001 | 3.57*** (2.87 to 4.27) |
Peak knee extension (degrees) | − 0.04 ± 4.42 | − 0.66 ± 5.45 | 0.62 ± 3.41a (0.86 to 2.10) | 0.392 | 0.18 (− 0.23 to 0.59) | 1.92 ± 3.56 | 2.58b (0.62 to 4.53) | 0.010 | 0.63* (0.15 to 1.11) |
Kinetics | |||||||||
Peak ankle moment (Nm/kg) | 0.57 ± 0.35 | 1.21 ± 0.31 | − 0.64 ± 0.47a (− 0.84 to − 0.44) | < 0.001 | 1.38*** (− 1.94 to − 0.79) | 1.56 ± 0.29 | 0.35b (0.21 to 0.49) | < 0.001 | 1.18*** (0.68 to 1.68) |
Peak ankle power (W/kg) | 0.86 ± 0.61 | 2.24 ± 0.83 | − 1.38 ± 1.08a (− 1.85 to − 0.91) | < 0.001 | 1.28*** (− 1.82 to − 0.71) | 3.46 ± 0.73 | 1.22b (0.86 to 1.58) | < 0.001 | 1.61*** (1.09 to 2.14) |
Peak knee moment (Nm/kg) | 0.48 ± 0.16 | 0.50 ± 0.24 | − 0.01 ± 0.21a (− 0.10 to 0.08) | 0.754 | 0.07 (− 0.47 to 0.34) | 0.44 ± 0.12 | − 0.04b (− 0.13 to 0.02) | 0.174 | 0.33 (− 0.80 to 0.15) |
Peak knee power (W/kg) | 0.63 ± 0.27 | 0.99 ± 0.54 | − 0.36 ± 0.52a (− 0.59 to − 0.14) | 0.003 | 0.70** (− 1.15 to − 0.23) | 1.61 ± 0.85 | 0.62b (0.24 to 0.99) | 0.001 | 0.79*** (0.30 to 1.27) |