Fig. 5

TAA exposure increases intracellular Ca²⁺ and promotes apoptosis. A Quantification of cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. BMMs were treated with TAA at the indicated concentrations for 24 h, then, cells were incubated with FITC Annexin V in a buffer containing propidium iodide (PI) and analyzed by FCM. B Statistical bar graph showing the apoptosis ratio. C Analysis of intracellular Ca²⁺ in BMMs. Cells were treated with TAA at the indicated concentrations, then the cells were incubated with 400 μL 5 μM Fluo-3 AM at 37 °C for 30 min. The fluorescent intensity of Fluo-3 AM was measured by the flow cytometry analysis at 488 nm (excitation) and 540–570 nm (emission). D The bar chart represented the intensity of fluo-3 AM in cells. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of three individual experiments; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 versus control