Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included studies

Wang et al. [56]

China

Retrospective

2014.8–2018.4

HP/LCP

64 (33/31)

37.0 ± 10.0

38.8 ± 8.6

21/12

19/12

II

12

1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Li et al. [47]

China

Retrospective

2015.1–2017.5

HP/LCP

44 (26/18)

51.7 ± 17.1

55.2 ± 16.3

16/10

11/7

II, V

17.2 (13–19)

1, 4, 6, 7, 8

Chen et al. [21]

USA

Retrospective

2009–2019

HP/LCP

31 (12/19)

40 ± 15

44 ± 13

10/2

15/4

II, V

31 ± 31

40 ± 36

4

Ochen et al. [50]

Netherlands

Retrospective

2011.1–2016.6

HP/LCP

67 (19/48)

42 ± 17

43 ± 12

13/6

41/7

II, V

31.3 ± 16.3

40.0 ± 18.0

4

Singh et al. [52]

USA

Retrospective

2010.1–2012.9

HP/LCP

53 (16/37)

31.7 ± 16.0

36.2 ± 15.9

10/6

27/10

II, V

NR

4

Xiong et al. [58]

China

Retrospective

2001–2010

HP/LCP

30 (25/5)

46.5 ± 15.8

38.0 ± 14.7

34/24

II

77.4 ± 34.6

76.2 ± 72.4

4, 5, 6, 7

Erdle et al. [38]

Germany

Retrospective

2004–2016

HP/LCP

32 (19/13)

44.3 ± 14.9

43.7 ± 13.7

NR

IIB

54.9 ± 19.8

53.3 ± 19.6

1, 4

Cai et al. [34]

China

Prospective

2011.3–2013.3

HP/LCP

40 (20/20)

33.3 ± 7.5

32.9 ± 6.6

15/5

16/4

II

NR

2, 4, 6, 7

Zhu et al. [65]

China

Retrospective

2008.1–2011.12

HP/LCP

46 (26/20)

40.3 (20–57)

31/15

II

NR

1, 4, 8

Zhang et al. [60]

China

Retrospective

2007.2–2010.11

HP/LCP

66 (30/36)

41.1 ± 10.3

42.5 ± 10.7

17/13

20/16

II

27.2 ± 6.1

28.6 ± 6.2

1, 4

Tan et al. [53]

China

Retrospective

2007–2009

HP/LCP

42 (23/19)

41.8 ± 11.1

40.5 ± 9.6

15/8

13/6

II

22.1 ± 9.3

22.4 ± 10.1

2, 4, 6, 8

Dai et al. [36]

China

Retrospective

2008.1–2009.1

HP/LCP

45 (25/20)

35.6 (21–46)

36.5 (24–51)

17/8

13/7

II

15.6 (12–24)

4

Wang et al. [67]

China

Retrospective

2014.10–2016.10

HP/CC

50 (25/25)

44.8 ± 13.9

43.3 ± 14.3

15/10

19/6

IIB

12.7 ± 4.0

4, 5, 6, 7

Wu et al. [20]

China

Prospective

2015.10–2018.2

HP/CC

26 (14/12)

48.9 ± 16.5

44.8 ± 10.3

8/6

9/3

II

18.9 ± 3.5

17.0 ± 4.2

1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7

Singh et al. [52]

USA

Retrospective

2010.1–2012.9

HP/CC

37 (16/21)

31.7 ± 16.0

43.8 ± 19.6

10/6

16/4

II, V

NR

4

Xiang et al. [62]

China

Retrospective

2009.1–2015.10

HP/CC

66 (34/32)

40.2 ± 11.4

41.8 ± 12.7

26/8

22/10

IIB

30.5 ± 7.1

29.1 ± 5.6

1, 4, 6, 8

Xiong et al. [58]

China

Retrospective

2001–2014

HP/CC

53 (25/28)

46.5 ± 15.8

41.9 ± 13.5

34/24

II

77.4 ± 34.6

35.6 ± 13.9

4, 5, 7

Hsu et al. [44]

China (TW)

Retrospective

2010–2014

HP/CC

72 (49/23)

47.9 ± 19.5

42.4 ± 15.9

29/20

16/7

II, V

13.3 ± 2.5

14.2 ± 1.9

1, 2, 4, 8

Xu et al. [59]

China

Retrospective

2013.4–2015.6

HP/CC

42 (22/20)

33.8 ± 10.7

37.7 ± 9.9

14/8

11/9

II

7.2 (6–12)

4, 6, 7

Flinkkilä et al. [40]

Finland

Retrospective

2007–2012

HP/CC

40 (19/21)

45 ± 13

39 ± 14

13/6

20/1

II

62 ± 21

32 ± 16

1, 4

Lu et al. [48]

China

Retrospective

2009.5–2010.5

HP/CC

40 (19/21)

34.3 ± 1.8

33.2 ± 1.5

11/8

11/10

IIB

12–24

1, 4, 8

Chen et al. [35]

China (TW)

Retrospective

2004.12–2010.8

HP/CC

68 (28/40)

48.3 (28–78)

43.2 (18–75)

16/12

28/12

IIB

37.4 (24–68)

38.2 (24–64)

4

Wu et al. [63]

China

Retrospective

2008.1–2010.3

HP/CC

42 (30/12)

37.5 ± 2.8

36.8 ± 1.5

22/8

9/3

II

12.6 (3–18)

4, 5, 6, 7

Seo et al. [51]

Korea

Retrospective

2011.1–2019.3

HP/LCP + CC

82 (54/28)

43.9 ± 15.8

45.6 ± 18.2

35/19

18/10

IIB

18.7 ± 4.2

15.6 ± 2.1

1, 4, 6, 8

Hu et al. [68]

China

Retrospective

2011.4–2018.5

HP/LCP + CC

42 (23/19)

41.6 ± 13.2

14/9

12/7

II

17.5 ± 4.7

1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8

Zeng et al. [64]

China

Retrospective

2012–2016

HP/LCP + CC

39 (18/21)

43.4 ± 13.9

41.7 ± 14.0

7/11

11/10

IIB

24.6 ± 6.6

1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8

Helfen et al. [43]

Germany

Retrospective

2011.11–2015.11

HP/LCP + CC

41 (21/20)

39.7 ± 14.6

53 ± 17.5

NR

IIB

NR

1, 4

Lin et al. [66]

China

Retrospective

2012.1–2015.1

HP/LCP + CC

65 (32/33)

41.2 ± 9.9

42.6 ± 10.4

18/14

21/12

IIB

15.2 ± 2.1

14.6 ± 5.2

1, 4, 8

Gao et al. [42]

China

Retrospective

2010.8–2013.8

HP/LCP + CC

42 (20/22)

45.6 ± 12.4

44.2 ± 11.6

11/9

14/8

IIB

16.8 (10–24)

1, 3, 4, 8

Bhatia et al. [33]

Australia

Retrospective

2005–2008

HP/LCP + CC

15 (10/5)

34.5 (20–57)

13/2

IIB

26.1 (12–40)

4

Dey Hazra et al. [37]

Germany

Retrospective

2014–2017

LCP/LCP + CC

31 (14/17)

43 ± 15

43 ± 17

9/5

9/8

IIB

29 ± 12.4

18 ± 7.1

1, 3, 4, 6

Salazar et al. [14]

USA

Retrospective

2009–2019

LCP/LCP + CC

23 (16/7)

42 ± 13

45 ± 13

14/2

5/2

II, V

28 ± 34

47 ± 39

4

Zhang et al. [61]

China

Retrospective

2013.1–2015.1

LCP/LCP + CC

40 (20/20)

37.3 ± 10.6

40.6 ± 12.6

16/4

15/5

IIB

30.1 ± 6.7

1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Xu et al. [15]

China

Retrospective

2010.2–2017.1

LCP/LCP + CC

34 (16/18)

50.7 ± 17.7

45.5 ± 14.4

9/7

12/6

IIB

16.0

17.5

1, 4, 8

Tang et al. [54]

China

Retrospective

2013.2–2017.1

LCP/LCP + CC

40 (22/18)

45.4 (26–65)

43.3 (24–61)

10/12

11/7

IIB

16.3 (12–27)

1, 4, 6

Fan et al. [39]

China

Retrospective

2013.1–2015.1

LCP/LCP + CC

28 (10/18)

40.2 ± 12.6

36.9 ± 11.0

7/3

14/4

II

21.8 ± 7.7

18.4 ± 3.6

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

Mechchat et al. [49]

Morocco

Prospective

2009–2013

HP/KWTB

26 (14/12)

34.2 ± 13.7

29 ± 13.7

8/6

5/7

II

12

1, 4, 8

Wu et al. [57]

China (TW)

Retrospective

2007.1–2010.6

HP/KWTB

116 (92/24)

49.3 ± 15.5

50.7 ± 17.6

55/37

17/7

II

22.8 ± 2.2

25.7 ± 2.8

1, 4

Hsu et al. [45]

China (TW)

RCT

2005.2–2008.11

HP/KWTB

65 (35/30)

43.2 ± 12.8

41.3 ± 13.6

23/12

21/9

II

6

4

Lee et al. [46]

China (TW)

Retrospective

2000–2007

HP/KWTB

52 (32/20)

43.4

35.9

18/14

9/11

II

24.3

29.8

1, 4

Flinkkilä et al. [41]

Finland

Retrospective

1988–1999

HP/KWTB

39 (17/22)

43 (18–71)

35 (17–68)

16/1

16/6

II

24

74.4

4

Tsuei et al. [55]

China (TW)

Retrospective

2002–2008

KW/KWTB

29 (14/15)

39.2 ± 15.0

39.3 ± 14.1

9/5

11/4

II

8.62 (6–20)

2, 4, 6, 8

Seyhan et al. [16]

Turkey

Retrospective

2000–2011

KWTB + CC/LCP + CC

24 (10/14)

36.1 (20–55)

6/4

10/4

IIB

NR

1, 4