Table 1 Classification of muscle injuries in sports (according to [4, 5])

A: Indirect muscle injuries

Type 1 and 2: functional/ultrastructural muscle disorder

 Type 1: overexertion-related muscle disorder

  Type 1a: fatigue-induced muscle disorders/muscular tightening/hypertonicity

  Type 1b: delayed-onset muscle soreness

 Type 2: neuromuscular muscle disorder

  Type 2a: spine-related neuromuscular disorders

  Type 2b: muscle-related neuromuscular disorders/muscle strain injury

Type 3 and 4: structural muscle injury

 Type 3: partial muscle tears

  Type 3a: minor partial muscle tear (< 5 mm; intrafascicle/bundle-tear)

  Type 3b: moderate partial muscle tear (> 5 mm; interfascicle/bundle-tear

 Type 4: subtotal/complete muscle tear or tendinous avulsion

B: Direct muscle injuries

Contusion

Laceration