Table 1 Details of included studies
Study | Location | Joint | Intra-articular ketorolac protocol | Control protocol | Sample size | Mean age | Male gender (%) | Operation time (mins) | Other analgesic drugs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K | C | K | C | ||||||||||
Xu et al. [15] | China | Shoulder | 20 ml of solution containing ketorolac 10 mg, ropivacaine 450 mg, morphine 5 mg, triamcinolone 25 mg | 20 ml of solution containing ropivacaine 450 mg, morphine 5 mg, triamcinolone 25 mg | 30 | 30 | 51.8 ± 6.9 | 53.5 ± 6.3 | 33.3 | 43.3 | 53.9 ± 12.5 | 55.8 ± 14.7 | Imrecoxib 100 mg oral twice daily till discharge |
Solheim et al. [14] | Norway | Knee | 5 ml of normal saline containing ketorolac 5 mg | 5 ml of normal saline | 22 | 20 | 43 ± 12 | 50 ± 12 | 45.5 | 45 | NR | NR | None |
Rohktabnak et al. [16] | Iran | Knee | 0.5% ropivacaine (150 mg) and ketorolac 30 mg in 30 ml saline | 0.5% ropivacaine (150 mg) in 30 ml saline | 20 | 20 | 42.4 ± 12.2 | 45.1 ± 13.6 | 85 | 70 | 38.7 ± 9.7 | 39.5 ± 9.6 | Oral PCM 1 g 8 hourly if VAS > 3, if insufficient relief tramadol 50 mg maximum four times a day |
Kim et al. [23] | South Korea | Shoulder | 0.5% ropivacaine 100 ml, fentanyl 10 µg/kg, Ketorolac 150 mg through catheter at 2 ml/hr with bolus dose of 0.5 ml for 48 h | 0.5% ropivacaine 100 ml, fentanyl 10 µg/kg, through catheter at 2 ml/hr with bolus dose of 0.5 ml for 48 h | 10 | 10 | 41.5 ± 12.3 | 47.7 ± 8.9 | 70 | 70 | NR | NR | NR |
Vintar et al. [22] | Sweden | Knee | 0.25% ropivacaine, morphine 0.2 mg/mL and ketorolac 1 mg/mL in 100 ml solution via catheter with 10 ml bolus | 0.25% ropivacaine, morphine 0.2 mg/mL in 100 ml solution via catheter with 10 ml bolus | 13 | 13 | 27 ± 9 | 35 ± 6 | 55 | 50 | 88 ± 6 | 89 ± 16 | Oral PCM 1 g 6 hourly and IV morphine PCA |
Calmet et al. [21] | Spain | Knee | Ketorolac 60 mg | 10 ml saline | 20 | 20 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Oral PCM 650 mg 6 hourly and tramadol 50 mg if VAS > 5 |