Table 2 Results of meta-analysis by continents and diagnosis tools
Subgroup | Number of articles | Sample size | I2 | Publication bias (Begg and Mazumdar test) | Prevalence % (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Continents | |||||
Asia | 64 | 102,279,215 | 99.9 | 0.106 | 16.7 (95% CI 15.9–17.5) |
Europe | 9 | 24,481 | 99.1 | 1.000 | 18.6 (95% CI 12.9–26) |
America | 9 | 928,492 | 99.6 | 0.916 | 12.4 (95% CI 7.4–19.5) |
Africa | 3 | 2989 | 98.2 | 0.296 | 39.5 (95% CI 22.3–59.7) |
Australia | 1 | 99,399 | 100 | – | 13.5 (95% CI 13.3–13.7) |
Diagnosis tools | |||||
BMD (DXA) | 71 | 102,398,640 | 99.9 | 0.112 | 19 (95% CI 18–20) |
BMD by (DEXA) | 11 | 923,401 | 99.3 | 0.533 | 19.6 (95% CI 14.3–26.2) |
SOS | 3 | 4116 | 92.2 | 1.000 | 14.8 (95% CI 10.9–19.7) |