Table 1 Characteristics of eligible randomized controlled trials
Study | Year | Vitamin K/d | Ca/d | Type | Follow-up | Country | BMI(k/gm) | Age | No. (intervention/control, subjects) | Outcomes | Lumbar vertebrae BMD(mg/cm2) | Total femoral BMD(mg/cm2) | Femoral neck BMD(mg/cm2) | UcOC, based on baseline percentage change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ronn (K2) | 2020 | 375 μg | 800 mg | K2 | 3 year | Denmark | NR | 67.4 | 62/57 | Femoral neck, hip | NR | NR | − 10/− 8 | NR |
Zhang et al. (K2) | 2020 | 90 µg | 500 mg | K2 | 1 year | China | 23.5 | 65.9 | 81/74 | Lumbar spine, femoral neck, hip | 2/− 4 | NR | − 3/− 3 | NR |
Kanellakis et al.(K2) | 2012 | 100 μg | 800 mg | K2 | 1 year | Greece | 29.43 | 62 | 24/26 | Lumbar spine, UcOC, total body | 6/− 32 | 13/24 | NR | − 23.6/28.7 |
Kanellakis et al. (K1) | 2012 | 100 μg | 800 mg | K1 | 1 year | Greece | 30.06 | 62 | 26/26 | Lumbar spine, UcOC, total body | 16/− 32 | 13/24 | NR | − 13.6/28.7 |
Je et al. (K2) | 2011 | 45 mg | 1200 mg | K2 | 4 year | Korea | NR | 67.3 | 18/27 | Lumbar spine, UcOC, femoral neck | 10/− 8 | NR | 10/10 | − 72.2/− 25 |
Moschonis et al.(K2) | 2011 | 100 μg | 800 mg | K2 | 1 year | Greece | 29.65 | 62 | 24/39 | Lumbar spine, UcOC, total body | 6/− 8 | 13/− 1 | NR | − 23.6/12.8 |
Moschonis et al. (K1) | 2011 | 100 μg | 800 mg | K1 | 1 year | Greece | 30 | 62 | 26/39 | Lumbar spine, UcOC, total body | 16/− 8 | 13/− 1 | NR | − 13.6/12.8 |
Shiraki (K2) | 2009 | 45 mg | 133 mg | K2 | 0.5 year | Japan | NR | 68 | 55/49 | UcOC | NR | NR | NR | − 57.1/− 25 |
Booth et al. (MK1) | 2008 | 500 μg | 600 mg | K1 | 3 year | America | NR | 69 | 95/90 | Lumbar spine, UcOC, femoral neck, total body | 44/43 | − 9/− 8 | − 1/5 | − 18.5/0.8 |
Booth et al.(WK1) | 2008 | 500 μg | 600 mg | K1 | 3 year | America | NR | 68 | 134/133 | Lumbar spine, femoral neck, total body, UcOC | 9/9 | − 18/− 18 | − 9/− 8 | − 18.7/3.1 |
Cheung (K1) | 2008 | 5 mg | 1500 mg | K1 | 4 year | Canada | 26.1 | 58.9 | 33/40 | Lumbar spine, UcOC, femoral neck, hip | − 3.2/− 4.9 | NR | − 14.2/− 19.2 | − 21.2/− 2 |
Bolton (K1) | 2007 | 30 μg | 1000 mg | K1 | 2 year | Scottish | 26.15 | 67.8 | 49/56 | Femoral neck, radius | NR | NR | 1/0.7 | NR |
Purwosunu (K2) | 2006 | 45 mg | 1500 mg | K2 | 1 year | Indonesia | 23.8 | 60.9 | 33/30 | Lumbar spine, UcOC | 1.74/1.4 | NR | NR | − 58.3/− 9.9 |