Table 2 Comparison of demographic characteristics and perioperative factors between HA and non-HA groups in patients undergoing TKA after stratified by preoperative serum albumin levels*

Age (years)

0.471

0.205

 ≤ 64

79 (38.2)

50 (63.3)

29 (36.7)

1708 (42.3)

108 (6.3)

1600 (93.7)

 65–79

113 (54.6)

70 (61.9)

43 (38.1)

2185 (54.1)

167 (7.6)

2018 (92.4)

 ≥ 80

15 (7.2)

7 (46.7)

8 (53.3)

148 (3.7)

8 (5.4)

140 (94.6)

Sex

0.376

0.139

 Male

59 (28.5)

39 (66.1)

20 (33.9)

792 (19.6)

65 (8.2)

727 (91.8)

 Female

148 (71.5)

88 (59.5)

60 (40.5)

3249 (80.4)

218 (6.7)

3031 (93.3)

BMI (kg/m²)

0.002

0.115

 < 18.5

13 (6.3)

9 (69.2)

4 (30.8)

74 (1.8)

7 (9.5)

67 (90.5)

 18.5–24.9

103 (49.8)

59 (57.3)

44 (42.7)

1637 (40.5)

125 (7.6)

1512 (92.4)

 25.0–29.9

67 (32.4)

36 (53.7)

31 (38.8)

1753 (43.4)

104 (5.9)

1649 (94.1)

 ≥ 30

24 (11.6)

23 (95.8)

1 (4.2)

577 (14.3)

47 (8.1)

530 (91.9)

Diagnosis

0.008

< 0.001

 OA

158 (76.3)

88 (55.7)

70 (44.3)

3678 (91.0)

229 (6.2)

3449 (93.8)

 RA + AS

41 (19.8)

32 (78.0)

9 (22.0)

252 (6.2)

32 (12.7)

220 (87.3)

 Others

8 (3.9)

7 (87.5)

1 (12.5)

111 (2.7)

22 (19.8)

89 (80.2)

ASA class

0.092

0.382

 1

74 (35.7)

52 (70.3)

22 (29.7)

1660 (41.1)

106 (6.4)

1554 (93.6)

 2

110 (53.1)

60 (54.5)

50 (45.5)

2087 (51.6)

153 (7.3)

1934 (92.7)

 ≥ 3

23 (11.1)

15 (65.2)

8 (34.8)

294 (7.3)

24 (8.2)

270 (91.8)

Anemia

0.338

0.012

 Yes

77 (37.2)

44 (57.1)

33 (42.9)

1111 (27.5)

96 (8.6)

1015 (91.4)

 No

130 (62.8)

83 (63.8)

47 (36.2)

2930 (72.5)

187 (6.4)

2743 (93.6)

Surgical type

0.060

0.035

 Primary unilateral

159 (76.8)

92 (57.9)

67 (42.1)

3503 (86.7)

257 (7.3)

3246 (92.7)

 Primary bilateral

42 (20.3)

32 (76.2)

10 (23.8)

494 (12.2)

22 (4.5)

472 (95.5)

 Revision unilateral

6 (2.9)

3 (50.0)

3 (50.0)

44 (1.1)

4 (9.1)

40 (90.9)

Anesthesia

0.281

0.040

 General

151 (72.9)

96 (63.6)

55 (36.4)

2883 (71.3)

217 (7.5)

2666 (92.5)

 Spinal + epidural + CSE

56 (27.1)

31 (55.4)

25 (44.6)

1158 (28.7)

66 (5.7)

1092 (94.3)

Tourniquet use

0.401

0.544

 Yes

181 (87.4)

113 (62.4)

68 (37.6)

3316 (82.1)

236 (7.1)

3080 (92.9)

 No

26 (12.6)

14 (53.8)

12 (46.2)

725 (17.9)

47 (6.5)

678 (93.5)

Anticoagulant use

0.566

0.703

 Yes

194 (93.7)

120 (61.9)

74 (38.1)

3881 (96.0)

273 (7.0)

3608 (93.0)

 No

13 (6.3)

7 (53.8)

6 (46.2)

160 (4.0)

10 (6.3)

150 (93.7)

TXA use

0.652

0.369

 Yes

102 (49.3)

61 (59.8)

41 (40.2)

2832 (70.1)

205 (7.2)

2627 (92.8)

 No

105 (50.7)

66 (62.9)

39 (37.1)

1209 (29.9)

78 (6.5)

1131 (93.5)

Colloid solution use

0.822

0.005

 Yes

157 (75.8)

97 (61.8)

60 (38.2)

2198 (54.4)

131 (6.0)

2067 (94.0)

 No

50 (24.2)

30 (60.0)

20 (40.0)

1843 (45.6)

152 (8.2)

1691 (91.8)

Drain use

0.381

< 0.001

 Yes

174 (84.1)

109 (62.6)

65 (37.4)

3455 (85.5)

265 (7.7)

3190 (92.3)

 No

33 (15.9)

18 (54.5)

15 (45.5)

586 (14.5)

18 (3.1)

568 (96.9)

Transfusion use

0.124

0.199

 Yes

36 (17.4)

18 (50.0)

18 (50.0)

789 (19.5)

47 (6.0)

742 (94.0)

 No

171 (82.6)

109 (63.7)

62 (36.3)

3252 (80.5)

236 (7.3)

3016 (92.7)