Fig. 4

4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU) reverses enhanced glycolysis dependence in the interleukin (IL)-1β-activated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-derived cells. ACL-derived cells were incubated for 12 h with or without IL-1β (0.1 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of 4-MU (1.0 mM). (A) The data from the ATP rate assay, which evaluates the contribution rates of the glycolysis (red bars; n = 3) and mitochondrial respiration (gray bars; n = 3) toward ATP production, are shown as stacked bars. (B) The concentration of l-lactate in the conditioned medium from the culture of the ACL-derived cells treated with IL-1β and 4-MU is indicated. To examine the 4-MU effect on early signaling events during interleukin (IL)-1β treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-derived cells. (C) Phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and AKT at 0-60 min in IL-1β treated ACL-derived cells. (D) Phosphorylation of NF-κB at 15 min and AKT at 5min in IL-1β treated ACL-derived cells in the absence or presence of 1 mM 4-MU. (E) For quantification, phospho NF-κB and AKT was normalized to total-NF-κB or AKT, respectively and presented as values relative to control (n = 3). The values are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01