Table 1 Material properties of FE models
Component | Element type | Elastic modulus (MPa) | Poisson ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
Cortical bone | lsotropic, elastic tetra element | 12000.0 | 0.30 |
Cancellous bone | lsotropic, elastic tetra element | 100.0 | 0.20 |
End plate | Nonlinear spring element | 2000.0 | 0.20 |
Fibres of annulus fibrosis | Rebar | 92.0 | 0.45 |
Matrix of annulus fibrosis | Neo-Hookean, hex element | 4.2 | 0.45 |
Nucleus pulposus | Incompressible fluid element | 1.0 | 0.50 |
Anterior longitudinal ligament | Tension only, truss element | 7.8 | 0.30 |
Posterior longitudinal ligament | Tension only, truss elements | 10.0 | 0.30 |
Supraspinous ligament | Tension only, truss elements | 8.0 | 0.30 |
Interspinous ligament | Tension only, truss elements | 8.0 | 0.30 |
Ligamentum flavum | Tension only, truss elements | 10.0 | 0.30 |
Intertransverse ligament | Tension only, truss elements | 10.0 | 0.30 |
Capsular ligament | Tension only, truss elements | 15.0 | 0.30 |
Articular cartilage | Nonlinear spring element | 25.0 | 0.40 |
Articuli intervertebrales | Sliding surface to surface contact | 10.0 | 0.30 |