Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Acute complex closed intraarticular proximal tibial fracture Type B3, C1, C2, C3 to AO/OTA [19]

Open fractures

Fractures of type A, B1 and B2 to AO/OTA

Age ≥ 18 years

Polytraumatized patients

(Injury Severity Score >16)

Use of intraoperative 3D and 2D imaging intensifier

Foreign residents

Follow-up ≥ 12 months

Conservative treatment

Capable of consent

Pathologic fractures