Fig. 4

Absolute and percent changes in lumbar spine areal bone mineral density (LS-aBMD), femoral neck aBMD (FN-aBMD), and total hip aBMD (TH-aBMD). a Absolute and percent changes in volumetric BMD (vBMD) at the center and bilateral side of the pedicle screws. b (*P < 0.01, **P < 0.05, not significant [n.s.]; Friedman’s test). Data are expressed as medians (interquartile ranges)